Shantaram (novel)

Shantaram

First edition
Author Gregory David Roberts
Country Australia
Language English
Publisher Scribe Publications (Australia)
Publication date
 2003
Media type Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages 936 pp (US hardback edition)
ISBN 1-920769-00-5 (First hardback edition)
OCLC 223420249
Followed by The Mountain Shadow (2015)

Shantaram is a 2003 novel by Gregory David Roberts, in which a convicted Australian bank robber and heroin addict who escaped from Pentridge Prison flees to India. The novel is commended by many for its vivid portrayal of tumultuous life in Bombay.

The novel is reportedly influenced by real events in the life of the author, though some claims made by Roberts are contested by others involved in the story.

Plot summary

In 1978, Roberts was sentenced to a 19-year imprisonment in Australia after being convicted of a series of armed robberies of building society branches, credit unions, and shops. In July 1980, he escaped from Victoria’s Pentridge Prison in broad daylight, thereby becoming one of Australia's most wanted men for the next ten years.

The protagonist Lindsay (according to the book, Roberts' fake name) arrives in Bombay carrying a false passport in the name of Lindsay Ford. Mumbai was supposed to be only a stopover on a journey that was to take him from New Zealand to Germany, but he decides to stay in the city. Lindsay soon meets a local man named Prabaker whom he hires as a guide. Prabaker soon becomes his friend and names him Lin (Linbaba). Both men visit Prabaker's native village, Sunder, where Prabaker's mother decided to give Lin a new Maharashtrian name, like her own. Because she judged his nature to be blessed with peaceful happiness, she decided to call him Shantaram, meaning Man of God's Peace. On their way back to Mumbai, Lin and Prabaker are robbed. With all his possessions gone, Lin is forced to live in the slums, which shelters him from the authorities. After a massive fire on the day of his arrival in the slum, he sets up a free health clinic as a way to contribute to the community. He learns about the local culture and customs in this crammed environment, gets to know and love the people he encounters, and even becomes fluent in Marathi, the local language. He also witnesses and battles outbreaks of cholera and firestorms, becomes involved in trading with the lepers, and experiences how ethnic and marital conflicts are resolved in this densely crowded and diverse community.

The novel describes a number of foreigners of various origins, as well as local Indians, highlighting the rich diversity of life in Mumbai. Lin falls in love with Karla, a Swiss-American woman, befriends local artists and actors, landing him roles as an extra in several Bollywood movies, and is recruited by the Mumbai underworld for various criminal operations, including drug and weapons trade. Lin eventually lands in Mumbai's Arthur Road Prison. There, along with hundreds of other inmates, he endures brutal physical and mental abuse from the guards, while existing under extremely squalid conditions. However, thanks to the protection of the Afghan mafia don "Abdel Khader Khan", Lin is eventually released, and begins to work in a black market currency exchange and passport forgery. Having traveled as far as Africa on trips commissioned by the mafia, Lin later goes to Afghanistan to smuggle weapons for mujahideen freedom fighters. When his mentor Khan is killed, Lin realizes he has become everything he grew to loathe and falls into depression after he returns to India. He decides that he must fight for what he believes is right, and build an honest life. The story ends with him planning to go to Sri Lanka, which lays the premise for the sequel to this book.

Fact-based elements

While parts of the novel, based on Roberts' known biography, read as reportedly factual, numerous significant claims by Roberts are impossible to verify and are disputed by the family of one of the main Indian characters in the book.[1] A few parts of the story, such as Roberts' criminal history and escape from prison in Australia, are a matter of public record,[2] while others remain harder (or impossible) to verify.

There is a great deal of debate as to where the boundaries lie between fact and fiction in the book. Roberts has stated the characters in the story are largely invented, and that he merged different elements taken from true events and people into such events and characters like Prabaker 'of the big smile'.[3] Prabhakar Kisan Khare was a real-life individual, as are the members of Khare family from the book (Kisan, Rukhma, Kishor and Parvati Khare) whose names appear on government issued identity cards.[4] The family resides in the Navy Nagar slum where the lead character Shantaram also lived. The Khare family disputes many of Roberts' claims, although they acknowledge close association with Gregory Roberts in the 1980s. Prabhakar died in an accident in 1988 in circumstances matching the event in the book.[5] In March 2006, the Mumbai Mirror reported they may have discovered the inspiration for the big smile of the character Prabhakar as belonging to a still living cab driver called Kishore, who took Roberts to his home village.[6] Kishore Khare, brother of Prabhakar, who drives tourists around Mumbai, has told his story.[7]

Roberts' position, based on his interviews

"With respect, Shantaram is not an autobiography, it’s a novel. If the book reads like an autobiography, I take that as a very high compliment, because I structured the created narrative to read like fiction but feel like fact. I wanted the novel to have the page-turning drive of a work of fiction but to be informed by such a powerful stream of real experience that it had the authentic feel of fact."[8]

"As with the novel Shantaram, the experiences in The Mountain Shadow are derived from my own real experiences, and the characters, dialogue, and narrative structure are all created."[9]

Roberts repeatedly stated this, as on the book's official website:

"All of the characters in the novel, Shantaram, are created. None of the characters bears even a remote resemblance to any real person I’ve ever known. Proceeding from the theme of exile, all of the characters represent one or another aspect of the exile experience. None of the characters – with the exception of Johnny Cigar, who is born to a vanished (exiled) father from somewhere beyond the city – is born in Bombay." [10]

Khare family's position, based on their website

Kishore Khare, younger brother of Prabhakar, one of the main Indian characters in the book states that important parts of Robert's "personal facts" are simply untrue:

"Some parts of his story are absolute facts and a narration of real-life events. But there are others that are fiction. Gregory lived in the slums a life of crime and drug addiction. My family cared for him and rescued him from his addiction. There was never a clinic that he ran in the slum or treated anyone for anything. He did not buy Prabhakar a taxi as the book claims. Sadly, Karla was also a drug addict who eventually died on the street in the massive AIDS epidemic of the 1980s.

The narrative on gun running for Afghan Mujahideen against Soviets also cannot be true. Gregory was in Mumbai until the early 1990s, still deep in addiction. The Soviet war in Afghanistan ended in 1989."

"Gregory, meanwhile still lives in Mumbai, elevating himself to a long-term residence of a luxury hotel. Every now and then he shows up in our slum with celebrities – Oprah, Madonna, Johnny Depp while his “slum guards” keep the slum dwellers from protesting his presence and his lies."

This webpage has been deleted from Kishore's website as of 3/29/2015.

Characters

For more details on this topic, see List of characters in Shantaram.

Publication history

Originally, Shantaram was published by Scribe Publications as a hardcover and later as a paperback. Following the mediated resolution in 2004 of a dispute that arose in 2003 between Scribe and the book’s author, Gregory David Roberts, rights to all forms of the local publication of Shantaram reverted to the author after Scribe sold its remaining stock of hardbacks.[11] Pan Macmillan then took over publication under the Picador label.[12]

Sequels and prequels

Gregory Roberts has said that Shantaram is the second book in a planned quartet. A sequel entitled The Mountain Shadow was released on 13 October 2015 by Little Brown.[13] In this long awaited sequel, Lin strives to survive in the new Bombay run by the new mafia. The Mountain Shadow is expected to be followed by a prequel, and a second sequel.[14]

Film adaptation

When the novel Shantaram was published in 2003, several parties, including actor Russell Crowe, expressed interest in a film adaptation. Although Crowe was temporarily attached to a bid, Warner Bros. went forward with a $2 million bid primarily due to actor Johnny Depp's expression of love for the book to studio executive Brad Grey. With the rights won, Depp was attached to star in the film, which was to be based on a script written by the book's author Gregory David Roberts.[15] Roberts commended the casting choice, and the author said of his intended script, "The screenplay I am writing will be as complex and will have the same sense of layering and texturing. Thematically, it will reflect everything that is in the heart of the book and that is the exile experience, and the power of love to transform and change the heart of a person. But the book is a book and the film is a film—they are different art forms so the film will have an independent life."[16] In October 2005, Warner Bros. hired screenwriter Eric Roth to rewrite the initial draft created by Roberts.[17] The following November, director Peter Weir was hired by the studio to helm Shantaram and develop the script with Roth. The studio originally planned to schedule production for late 2006.[18]

By June 2006, Weir departed from the project with a studio spokesperson citing different interpretations between the director and the studio and producers.[19] In January 2007, director Mira Nair replaced Weir at the helm. The studio anticipated production would begin by autumn 2007 for a 2008 release.[20] Roth began rewriting the script to lower project costs, and actor Amitabh Bachchan joined to star opposite Depp. By November 2007, the anticipated February production start was cancelled by Warner Bros, who cited the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike's interference with the script's readiness, the impending monsoon season in India, and Depp's schedule difficulties in filming between India and New Mexico in the United States.[21] The studio anticipated that production would finally begin in September 2008,[22] but by November 2009, with production not starting, The Independent reported the project had been cancelled.[23]

In May 2013, the Mumbai Mirror reported that Warner Bros. had negotiated to retain the film rights until 2015, fuelling speculation that a film adaptation of Shantaram is still in the works.[24]

In October 2013, it was announced that Joel Edgerton would be starring in the leading role, with Eric Roth penning the adaptation and Johnny Depp now involved as a producer. Warner Bros. is in early talks with Garth Davis, co-director of the Emmy-nominated Top of the Lake, to make his feature film directing debut on the movie.[25][26]

References

  1. ↑ "Shantaram". Marginal Revolution. 2007-05-17. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  2. ↑ "Greg Roberts:". Abc.net.au. 2004-02-18. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  3. ↑ "Shantaram - India Travel Forum". IndiaMike.com. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  4. ↑ "Khare Family Photos". Shantaram.co.in. 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  5. ↑ "Fact, Fiction or Both". Shantaram. 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  6. ↑ Mumbai Mirror Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ "Kishore Khare". Shantaram.co.in. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  8. ↑ Gregory David Roberts. "interview – Indian Express newspaper". Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  9. ↑ Gregory David Roberts. "interview". Platform Magazine. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  10. ↑ Roberts, Gregory David. "THE CHARACTERS". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  11. ↑ Scribe Hardback - Out of Print Archived 15 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ↑ Picador Edition - Softcover
  13. ↑ ""The Mountain Shadow" - Long-awaited sequel to Shantaram coming in October". Little Brown. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  14. ↑ "The Sunday Tribune - Books". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  15. ↑ Fleming, Michael; Cathy Dunkley (6 October 2004). "WB books adventure for Depp". Variety.
  16. ↑ Moran, Jonathon (8 October 2004). "Depp perfectly cast in Shantaram, author says". Australian Associated Press.
  17. ↑ Fleming, Michael (25 October 2005). "Scribe's in custody". Variety.
  18. ↑ Fleming, Michael (30 November 2005). "Weir to steer Depp pic". Variety.
  19. ↑ Fleming, Michael (11 June 2006). "'Shantaram' shuffling". Variety.
  20. ↑ McClintock, Pamela (18 January 2007). "Nair, Depp journey to India film". Variety.
  21. ↑ Fleming, Michael; Anne Thompson (19 November 2007). "Strike delays 'Shantaram,' 'Nine'". Variety.
  22. ↑ Thompson, Anne (29 November 2007). "Hollywood's new scapegoat". Variety.
  23. ↑ Akbar, Arifa (13 November 2009). "Underworld tale won't see light of day". The Independent.
  24. ↑ "After nine years, ray of hope for Shantaram film". Mumbai Mirror. 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  25. ↑ "Joel Edgerton-Starring, Johnny Depp-Produced 'Shantaram' Lands A Director | The Playlist". Blogs.indiewire.com. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  26. ↑ Fleming, Mike. "Warner Bros Taps Aussie Garth Davis To Helm Joel Edgerton In 'Shantaram'". Deadline.com. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
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