List of sieges of Constantinople
For the final siege of Constantinople, see Fall of Constantinople.
The final siege of Constantinople in 1453 (contemporary miniature)
There were many sieges of Constantinople during the history of the Byzantine Empire. Two of them resulted in the capture of Constantinople from Byzantine rule: in 1204 by Crusaders, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II.
Turkic, Persian, Avar, Slavonic and Arab sieges
- Siege of Constantinople (559), by the Kutrigurs, unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (626), by Avars, Slavs, and the Sassanid Persians, unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (674–678), by the Umayyad Caliphate, unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (717–718), by the Umayyad Caliphate, unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (813), by Krum of Bulgaria, unsuccessful
Rus' sieges
- Siege of Constantinople (860), by the Rus', unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (907), by the Rus' in 904/907, unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (941), by the Rus', unsuccessful
Sieges and attacks during Byzantine civil wars
- Siege of Constantinople (821–822), by rebel forces under Thomas the Slav
- Siege of Constantinople (1047), by rebel forces under Leo Tornikios
- Siege of Constantinople (1376), a 32-day siege by Andronikos IV Palaiologos with the support of the Ottoman Turks
Crusades
Main article: Fourth Crusade
- Siege of Constantinople (1203), first siege by the Fourth Crusade, in which Alexius IV was able to usurp the throne after Alexius III fled to Thrace; objectives achieved and the siege lifted
- Sack of Constantinople (1204), second siege by the Fourth Crusade, in which the Byzantines were overwhelmed and the city thoroughly sacked, successful
Nicaean sieges
- Siege of Constantinople (1235), by Bulgarian and Nicaean forces, unsuccessful
- A Nicaean attack on Constantinople is implied by George Akropolites's account for 1248, but no details are known
- Siege of Constantinople (1260), by the Empire of Nicaea, unsuccessful
- In 1261, a small force of Nicaean troops under Alexios Strategopoulos gained entry into the poorly defended Latin capital, ending the Latin Empire and restoring Byzantine rule to the City. Most Latin troops defending the city were absent on campaign, and the Emperor fled without putting up any resistance; there was no siege.
Ottoman sieges
Main article: Rise of the Ottoman Empire
- An Ottoman blockade between 1390 and 1402, first interrupted by the Crusade of Nicopolis, then lifted due to the Battle of Ankara
- Siege of Constantinople (1411), a short Ottoman siege that occurred during the Ottoman Interregnum, unsuccessful
- Siege of Constantinople (1422), the first large-scale siege of the city by the Ottomans, unsuccessful
- Fall of Constantinople in 1453, after an Ottoman siege, successful
See also
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