Double-banded courser
| Double-banded courser | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In Etosha National Park, Namibia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Glareolidae |
| Genus: | Smutsornis |
| Species: | S. africanus |
| Binomial name | |
| Smutsornis africanus (Temminck, 1807) | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Rhinoptilus africanus | |
The double-banded courser (Smutsornis africanus), also known as the two-banded courser,[2] is a species of bird in the Glareolidae family. It is the only member of the genus Smutsornis.
Description
The bird's crown is pale and streaked with brown/black feathers. A narrow black stripe extends from the base of the bill, through the eye to the nape. The cheeks, chin, throat and neck are buff/white flecked with dark brown. The feather of the back and wing coverts are sandy brown with dark centres and broadly edged with white/buff. The short bill is blackish, eyes are dark brown and the legs and feet are pale grey.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The double-banded courser is found in Ethiopia, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania. The bird is widespread enough to have practically no chance of becoming endangered or extinct.[4] The double-banded courser lives and breeds in flat, stony or gravelly, semi-desert terrains with firm, sandy soil and tufty grass or thorn scrub.[5]
Behaviour
Breeding
Double-banded coursers breed in monogamous pairs. Breeding begins after a mating dance where the male dances in semicircles around the female. The female then lays one egg, which the parents take hour-long shifts incubating. After about twenty-five days, the egg hatches.[6] The chicks leave the nest within 24 hours of hatching, although staying close to the nest until 3–4 days old, at which point it joins its parents. Both adults feed the chick with small insects until it becomes self-providing at about 5–6 weeks old.
The breeding season varies by country:[7]
Ethiopia - April–June; Somalia - February–July (mainly May–June); Tanzania - November; South Africa - all year, peaking in October–November.
Feeding
The bird eats mostly insects, such as ants, termites, and beetles. [8] It catches its prey by quickly running after it and jabbing with its bill.
Subspecies
There are eight subspecies of Smutsornis africanus:[9]
- S. a. raffertyi, (Mearns, 1915): Eritrea, eastern Ethiopia & Djibouti
- S. a. hartingi, (Sharpe, 1893): southeast Ethiopia, Somalia
- S. a. gracilis, (Fischer & Reichenow, 1884): Kenya & Tanzania
- S. a. bisignatus, (Hartlaub, 1865): southwest Angola
- S. a. erlangeri, (Niethammer & Wolters, 1966): northwest Namibia
- S. a. traylori, (Irwin, 1963): northeast Botswana
- S. a. africanus, (Temminck, 1807): eastern Namibia, central & southeast Botswana & northern South Africa
- S. a. granti, (Sclater, 1921): western South Africa
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Rhinoptilus africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- 1 2 "Rhinoptilus africanus". Avibase.
- ↑ "Project Noah".
- ↑ "Bird Life".
- ↑ "Rhinoptilus africanus". World Bird Info. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Rhinoptilus africanus (Double-banded courser)". Biodiversity Explorer. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ↑ "Double-banded Courser". WorldBirdInfo.net. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ↑ "Rhinoptilus africanus (Double-banded courser)". biodiversity explorer. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Coursers". International Ornithological Congress. Retrieved 2015-01-08.
External links
Media related to Rhinoptilus africanus at Wikimedia Commons- Image at ADW
- Double-banded courser - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
