Solid-phase microextraction

Solid-phase microextraction sampling

Solid-phase microextraction, or SPME, is a solid phase extraction sampling technique that involves the use of a fiber coated with an extracting phase, that can be a liquid (polymer) or a solid (sorbent),[1] which extracts different kinds of analytes (including both volatile and non-volatile) from different kinds of media, that can be in liquid or gas phase.[2] The quantity of analyte extracted by the fibre is proportional to its concentration in the sample as long as equilibrium is reached or, in case of short time pre-equilibrium, with help of convection or agitation.

Analysis

After extraction, the SPME fiber is transferred to the injection port of separating instruments, such as a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry,[3] where desorption of the analyte takes place and analysis is carried out.

Advantages

The attraction of SPME is that the extraction is fast, simple, can be done usually without solvents, and detection limits can reach parts per trillion (ppt) levels for certain compounds. SPME also has great potential for field applications; on-site sampling can be done even by nonscientists without the need to have gas chromatography-mass spectrometry equipment at each location. When properly stored, samples can be analyzed days later in the laboratory without significant loss of volatiles.

References

  1. ↑ Spietelun, Agata; Pilarczyk, Michał; Kloskowski, Adam; Namieśnik, Jacek (2010). "Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre coatings". Chemical Society Reviews. 39 (11): 4524. doi:10.1039/c003335a. ISSN 0306-0012.
  2. ↑ Mitra, Somenath, ed. (2003). Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. p. 113.
  3. ↑ Vas, György; Vékey, Károly (2004). "Solid-phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 39 (3): 233–254. doi:10.1002/jms.606. ISSN 1076-5174.

Further reading

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