Stone Gossard

Stone Gossard

Gossard with Pearl Jam August 17, 2007
Background information
Birth name Stone Carpenter Gossard
Also known as Carpenter Newton
Born (1966-07-20) July 20, 1966
Seattle, Washington, United States
Genres Alternative rock, grunge, glam punk, punk rock, heavy metal
Occupation(s) Musician, songwriter
Instruments Guitar, vocals, bass, piano, drums, percussion, cello
Years active 1984–present
Labels Monkeywrench, Homestead, Sub Pop, Stardog, Mercury, A&M, Epic, Sony, Redline, J C/Z, Glitterhouse, livewire
Associated acts Pearl Jam, Green River, Brad, Mother Love Bone, Temple of the Dog
Notable instruments
Fender Stratocaster
Fender Telecaster
Gibson Les Paul

Stone Carpenter Gossard (born July 20, 1966) is an American musician who serves as the rhythm and additional lead guitarist for the American rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder, he is one of the founding members of Pearl Jam. Gossard is also known for his work prior to Pearl Jam with the 1980s Seattle, Washington-based grunge bands Green River and Mother Love Bone, and he has made contributions to the music industry as a producer and owner of a record label and a recording studio. Gossard is also a member of the band Brad. In 2001, Gossard released his first solo album, Bayleaf. His second solo album Moonlander followed in 2013.

Biography

Early life

The first band Gossard joined was March of Crimes,[1] a band of which future Soundgarden bassist Ben Shepherd was a member, as was novelist Jonathan Evison. Although Gossard's time with the band was brief,[2] it introduced him to the emerging music scene in Seattle. Gossard formed a close friendship with fellow guitarist (and future Mudhoney member) Steve Turner, who also had attended the Northwest School,[3] and joined Turner in his band The Ducky Boys. Turner's interest in punk rock had a significant influence on Gossard, and in turn on the ethos of the band.[4]

Green River

Main article: Green River (band)

Turner went on to form Green River with vocalist/guitarist Mark Arm, drummer Alex Vincent and bassist Jeff Ament. Gossard was asked to join Green River in order to allow Arm to concentrate exclusively on singing.[5] By the time the band finished the recording of its debut EP, Come on Down, Turner decided to leave the group, citing his distaste with Ament and Gossard's heavy metal leanings.[5] He was replaced by Ament's former Deranged Diction bandmate, Bruce Fairweather.

The band released the EP Come on Down in 1985 and followed it up with Dry As a Bone in 1987, the first release from Sub Pop records.[6] The band's only full-length studio album, Rehab Doll, was released in 1988.[6] In-fighting within the band led to the group's break-up during the recording of Rehab Doll. A stylistic division had developed between Ament and Gossard on one side, and Arm on the other.[7] Ament and Gossard wanted to pursue a major-label deal, while Arm wanted to remain independent, viewing the duo as being too careerist.[5] The band achieved a considerable local reputation in Seattle and had a significant influence on the genre later known as grunge, with Green River being described as "arguably the first grunge band."[5]

Mother Love Bone

Main article: Mother Love Bone

Following Green River's dissolution, Gossard established Mother Love Bone in 1988 along with former Green River members Ament and Fairweather, former Malfunkshun frontman Andrew Wood, and former Ten Minute Warning and Skin Yard drummer Greg Gilmore. The band quickly worked on recording and performing locally and by late 1988 had become one of Seattle's more promising bands. In early 1989 the band signed to PolyGram subsidiary Mercury Records. In March of that year the group issued its debut EP, Shine.

In late 1989 the group returned to the studio to record its debut studio album, Apple. It was planned for a March 1990 release. Only days before the release of Apple, however, frontman Wood, who had a long history with drug problems, overdosed on heroin. After spending a few days in the hospital in a coma, Wood died, effectively bringing Mother Love Bone to an end. Apple would see release later that year.

Temple of the Dog

Main article: Temple of the Dog

Gossard reacquainted himself with a childhood friend named Mike McCready after watching McCready jam with a local band called Love Chile and being impressed with his work.[8] Gossard had known McCready from back before high school when the two would trade rock band pictures with each other.[9] After the demise of Mother Love Bone, he asked McCready if he wanted to play music together with him.[8] After a few months of practicing together, McCready in turn encouraged Gossard to reconnect with Ament.[10] The trio were attempting to form their own band when they were invited to be part of the Temple of the Dog project founded by Soundgarden's Chris Cornell as a musical tribute to Wood. Cornell had been Wood's roommate. The band's line-up was completed by the addition of Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron.

The band started rehearsing songs that Cornell had written on tour prior to Wood's death, as well as re-working some existing material from demos written by Gossard and Ament.[11] Gossard described the recording process as a "non-pressure filled" situation, as there were no expectations or pressure coming from the record company.[12] This project eventually featured vocalist Eddie Vedder, who had arrived in Seattle to audition to be the singer for Ament and Gossard's next band, which later became Pearl Jam, after being sent a tape of Gossard's demos, recording his own lyrics and vocals over the top.[13] Vedder sang a duet with Cornell on the song "Hunger Strike" and provided background vocals on several other songs. The band decided that it had enough material for an entire album and, in April 1991, Temple of the Dog was released through A&M Records. Three of the songs on the final album were musically credited to Gossard, including the single "Pushin Forward Back". Gossard asserted that he thought Wood would be "blown away by the whole thing."[14]

Pearl Jam

Main article: Pearl Jam
Stone Gossard on stage with Pearl Jam, singing lead vocals on "Mankind", in Oslo, Norway on July 9, 2012

Pearl Jam was formed in 1990 by Ament, Gossard, and McCready,[15] who then recruited Vedder and drummer Dave Krusen. The band originally took the name Mookie Blaylock, but was forced to change it when the band signed to Epic Records in 1991. After the recording sessions for Ten were completed, Krusen left Pearl Jam in May 1991.[8] Krusen was replaced by Matt Chamberlain, who had previously played with Edie Brickell & New Bohemians. After playing only a handful of shows, one of which was filmed for the "Alive" video, Chamberlain left to join the Saturday Night Live band.[16] As his replacement, Chamberlain suggested Dave Abbruzzese, who joined the group and played the rest of Pearl Jam's live shows supporting the Ten album

Ten broke the band into the mainstream, and became one of the best selling alternative albums of the 1990s. The band found itself amidst the sudden popularity and attention given to the Seattle music scene and the genre known as grunge. The single "Jeremy" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Song and Best Hard Rock Performance in 1993.[17] Pearl Jam received four awards at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards for its music video for "Jeremy", including Video of the Year and Best Group Video.[18] Ten was ranked number 207 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time,[19] and "Jeremy" was ranked number 11 on VH1's list of the 100 greatest songs of the '90s.[20]

Following an intense touring schedule, the band went into the studio to record what would become its second studio album, Vs., released in 1993. Upon its release, Vs. set at the time the record for most copies of an album sold in a week,[21] and spent five weeks at number one on the Billboard 200. Vs. was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 1995.[22] From Vs., the song "Daughter" received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and the song "Go" received a Grammy nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance.[23]

Feeling the pressures of success, the band decided to decrease the level of promotion for its albums, including refusing to release music videos.[24] In 1994, the band began a much-publicized boycott of Ticketmaster, which lasted for three years and limited the band's ability to tour in the United States.[25] Gossard took an active role during Pearl Jam's dispute with Ticketmaster in 1994 over prices and surcharges. Along with Ament, Gossard testified before a congressional subcommittee, arguing that Ticketmaster's practices were anti-competitive.[26]

Later that same year the band released its third studio album, Vitalogy, which became the band's third straight album to reach multi-platinum status. The album received Grammy nominations for Album of the Year and Best Rock Album in 1996.[27] Vitalogy was ranked number 492 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[19] The lead single "Spin the Black Circle" won a Grammy Award in 1996 for Best Hard Rock Performance.[22] Although Abbruzzese performed on the album Vitalogy, he was fired in August 1994, four months before the album was released.[28] The band cited political differences between Abbruzzese and the other members; for example, he disagreed with the Ticketmaster boycott.[28] He was replaced by Jack Irons, a close friend of Vedder and the original drummer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers.[8]

The band subsequently released No Code in 1996 and Yield in 1998. In 1998, prior to Pearl Jam's U.S. Yield Tour, Irons left the band due to dissatisfaction with touring.[29] Pearl Jam enlisted former Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron as Irons' replacement on an initially temporary basis,[29] but he soon became a permanent replacement for Irons. "Do the Evolution" (from Yield) received a Grammy nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance.[30] In 1998, Pearl Jam recorded "Last Kiss", a cover of a 1960s ballad made famous by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers. It was released on the band's 1998 fan club Christmas single; however, by popular demand, the cover was released to the public as a single in 1999. "Last Kiss" peaked at number two on the Billboard charts and became the band's highest-charting single

In 2000, the band released its sixth studio album, Binaural, and initiated a successful and ongoing series of official bootlegs. The band released seventy-two such live albums in 2000 and 2001, and set a record for most albums to debut in the Billboard 200 at the same time.[31] "Grievance" (from Binaural) received a Grammy nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance.[32] The band released its seventh studio album, Riot Act, in 2002. Pearl Jam's contribution to the 2003 film, Big Fish, "Man of the Hour", was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 2004.[33] The band's eighth studio album, the eponymous Pearl Jam, was released in 2006. The band released its ninth studio album, Backspacer, in 2009 and its tenth studio album, Lightning Bolt, in 2013.

Other musical projects

Brad

Main article: Brad (band)
Gossard playing with Brad in Manchester, England on February 8, 2013

In 1992, Gossard joined with members of the fellow Seattle band Satchel to form Brad. Brad released its debut album, Shame, in 1993, and have since released Interiors (1997), Welcome to Discovery Park (2002) and the compilation album, Brad vs Satchel (2005). The band's fourth studio album, titled Best Friends?, was released in August 2010[34] The fifth album, United We Stand, was released on April 24, 2012.[35]

Mirror Ball

Gossard performed with other members of Pearl Jam on Neil Young's 1995 album, Mirror Ball, and subsequently took part in an eleven-date tour in Europe as part of Young's backing band. This tour proved very successful with Young's manager Elliot Roberts calling it "One of the greatest tours we ever had in our whole lives."[36]

Bayleaf

Main article: Bayleaf (album)

On September 11, 2001, Gossard became the first member of Pearl Jam to go solo, releasing his first solo album, Bayleaf, through Sony Music Entertainment. The album features ten songs written over a span of four to five years.[37] On Bayleaf, Gossard showed himself as being a talented multi-instrumentalist, contributing drums and piano work, as well as vocals, guitar and bass. The album's songs feature a mellow sound influenced by Frank Black, Rufus Wainwright, and The Rolling Stones.[38] Greg Prato of Allmusic said, "While not as strong as his output with Brad, Bayleaf still has its moments."[39]

Moonlander

Gossard released a follow-up to Bayleaf entitled Moonlander. Several songs have been made available as digital downloads via Pearl Jam's official website in the weeks since September 17, 2008, each for US$0.99.[40] The songs feature a sound influenced by folk music and country music, particularly from singer-songwriter Hank Williams.[41] The tracks "Both Live", "Your Flames", and "Beyond Measure" feature NW based musicians Hans Teuber, Pete Droge, Regan Hagar, Ari Joshua, and others.

Record label and studio owner

Gossard formed the record label Loosegroove Records with fellow Brad member Regan Hagar as a subsidiary of Sony in 1994, becoming independent in 1996.[42] Loosegroove signed many up and coming artists from various musical genres, especially rock and hip hop. Significantly, Gossard signed Queens of the Stone Age to Loosegroove, releasing the band's debut album, Queens of the Stone Age, in 1998. Loosegroove Records closed in 2000.[43]

As a producer, Gossard has worked with a variety of artists including many on his own record label. His most notable production roles have been for Satchel, Green Apple Quick Step, Weapon of Choice and Critters Buggin.[3] During his time as owner of Loosegroove Records, Gossard opened his own recording studio, the prestigious Studio Litho, in Seattle. Most of Gossard's production work was based in this studio, which still operates today, with Gossard as the owner. Many high-profile artists have recorded in Studio Litho, including Soundgarden, Screaming Trees,[44] Dave Matthews Band, and Deftones, as well as both Brad and Pearl Jam.[45]

Other work

Gossard had a brief acting cameo in the 1992 movie, Singles, along with Jeff Ament and Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam. He appeared as himself, playing guitar in lead actor Matt Dillon's backing band, Citizen Dick.[46]

Gossard has been active in environmental pursuits, and has been an advocate of Pearl Jam's carbon neutral policy, offsetting the band's environmental impact.[26] He has also extended his conservationist ideals and serves as a member of the board of directors at the Wild Salmon Center, an international conservation organization based in Portland, Oregon.[47]

As an artist and painter, Gossard's work can be found on many Pearl Jam releases, especially material distributed through Pearl Jam's fan club.

Musical style and influences

Stone Gossard on stage with Pearl Jam in Madrid, Spain on June 9, 2007

Gossard is known for his hard rhythm style of playing, and his sense of beat and groove.[48] His major influences are said to be Led Zeppelin, Kiss, Jimi Hendrix, and Van Halen, as well as funk and rap.[1][10] Gossard is known to use a Fender Telecaster and a Gibson Les Paul. He once said of himself: "I like rhythmic things that butt up against each other in a cool kind of way."[49] Vedder has been quoted as saying that it is extremely difficult to collaborate with Gossard, as he outright refuses to work on anything remotely like anything he's done before.[50] When the band started, Gossard and McCready were clearly designated as rhythm and lead guitarists, respectively. The dynamic began to change when Vedder started to play more rhythm guitar during the Vitalogy era. McCready said in 2006, "Even though there are three guitars, I think there's maybe more room now. Stone will pull back and play a two-note line and Ed will do a power chord thing, and I fit into all that."[51]

As a songwriter, the formation of Pearl Jam led to Gossard's music becoming the basis for many of the band's early songs. Eight of the eleven tracks on Pearl Jam's debut album, Ten, were musically written or co-written by Gossard, including hits "Alive", "Even Flow", and "Black". He has since made less of a solo contribution to the band's work, instead becoming part of the collaborative efforts; however, he was credited as being behind the relatively more recent hits "Do the Evolution" and "Life Wasted" (from Pearl Jam). His songwriting contributions to Pearl Jam have not been limited to music with Gossard writing lyrics on the Yield song "All Those Yesterdays"; "Strangest Tribe" (from the 1999 fan club Christmas single); the Binaural songs "Thin Air", "Of the Girl", and "Rival"; and the Lost Dogs songs "Don't Gimme No Lip" and "Fatal". As well as guitar contributions, Gossard has also played mellotron, bass guitar and resonator guitar as well as often providing backing vocals. He was even given lead vocal duties for two of the Pearl Jam songs he had written both musically and lyrically: "Mankind" and "Don't Gimme No Lip".

Recognition

In a review of Pearl Jam's 2006 self-titled album, Rolling Stone editor David Fricke mentioned that both Gossard and Pearl Jam lead guitarist Mike McCready were erroneously excluded from the publication's 2003 feature "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".[52] In February 2007, Gossard and McCready were included together by Rolling Stone in its list of "The Top 20 New Guitar Gods" under the title of "four-armed monster."[53]

Discography

Green River discography

Year Title Label Track(s)
1985 Come on Down Homestead All
1986 Deep Six C/Z "10,000 Things" and "Your Own Best Friend"
1987 Dry As a Bone Sub Pop All
1988 Motor City Madness Glitterhouse "Searchin' (Good Things Come)"
Rehab Doll Sub Pop All
Sub Pop 200 Sub Pop "Hangin' Tree"
1989 This House is Not a Motel Glitterhouse "Swallow My Pride"
Sub Pop Rock City Glitterhouse "Hangin' Tree"
Another Pyrrhic Victory: The Only Compilation of Dead Seattle God Bands C/Z "Bazaar" and "Away in Manger"
1990 Endangered Species Glitterhouse "Ain't Nothing to Do"
Dry As a Bone/Rehab Doll Sub Pop All
1992 Afternoon Delight: Love Songs from Sub Pop Sub Pop "Baby Takes"
1996 Hype!: The Motion Picture Soundtrack Sub Pop "Swallow My Pride" (1987 demo)
2000 Wild and Wooly: The Northwest Rock Collection Sub Pop "This Town"
2006 Sleepless in Seattle: The Birth of Grunge Livewire "Come on Down"

Mother Love Bone discography

Year Title Label Track(s)
1989 Shine Stardog/Mercury All
1990 Apple Stardog/Mercury All
1992 Singles: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Epic "Chloe Dancer/Crown of Thorns"
Mother Love Bone Stardog/Mercury All
1993 Thrash and Burn: The Metal Alternative Sony Music Special Products "Capricorn Sister"
The Best of Grunge Rock Priority "Stardog Champion"
1995 Alterno-Daze: Natural 90s Selection MCA "Stardog Champion"
1997 Proud to Be Loud Debutante "Bone China"
2001 Alternative Moments Sony Music Media "Chloe Dancer/Crown of Thorns"
2007 The Road Mix: Music from the Television Series One Tree Hill, Volume 3 Maverick "Chloe Dancer/Crown of Thorns"

Temple of the Dog discography

Year Title Label
1991 Temple of the Dog A&M

Pearl Jam discography

Main article: Pearl Jam discography

Brad discography

Year Title Label Track(s)
1993 Shame Epic All
1994 Threesome: Music from the Motion Picture Epic "Buttercup"
1997 Interiors Epic All
1998 Chicago Cab: Soundtrack Loosegroove "Secret Girl"
2002 Welcome to Discovery Park Redline All
2005 Brad vs Satchel The Establishment Store All except "Looking Forward", "Peace and Quiet", "Takin' It Back", and "Who's Side Are You On?"
2010 Best Friends? Monkey Wrench All
2012 United We Stand Razor & Tie Records

Solo discography

Year Title Label
2001 Bayleaf Sony
2013 Moonlander Monkeywrench Records

Contributions and collaborations

Year Group Title Label Track(s)
1995 Neil Young Mirror Ball Reprise All
1996 Thermadore Monkey on Rico Holiday/Atlantic Four songs, including "Pushing" and "Anton"
Three Fish Three Fish Epic "Strangers in My Head"
1998 Calm Down Juanita Tyler Willman, Kevin Guess, and R. Cole Peterson III Esq.[54] Calm Down Juanita Echo Records "Touchin' Myself"
2000 Josh Freese The Notorious One Man Orgy Kung Fu "Men & Women"
2003 Mike McCready, Stone Gossard, Cole Peterson, and Chris Friel Live from Nowhere Near You Funkhead Music "Powerless"
2004 Steve Turner Searching for Melody Roslyn Some
Critters Buggin Stampede Rope-a-dope "Toad Garden"
Jack Irons Attention Dimension Breaching Whale "Water Song"
Steve Turner And His Bad Ideas Roslyn Some
2005 Meganut That Would Be Dope Unknown "Satisfaction" and "Rockbottom"
2009 Josh Freese Since 1972 Outerscope "Who Am I to Say, Really?"
2011 Caspar Babypants Sing Along! "Mister Winter Bee", "I Wanna Be a Snowman" and "Helicopter" plays Bongos

References

  1. 1 2 Official Sony Biography Archived February 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ Neely, Kim. Five Against One. Diane Publishing Company, 1999. ISBN 0-7567-7409-8
  3. 1 2 Prato, Greg. "Stone Gossard > Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
  4. ↑ Wilber, Ken. "Interview with Stone Gossard for Integral Life" January 2008
  5. 1 2 3 4 Huey, Steve. "Green River". Allmusic. Retrieved on June 13, 2005.
  6. 1 2 "Sub Pop Records biography". Subpop.com. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  7. ↑ Azerrad, Michael. Our Band Could Be Your Life. Little Brown and Company, 2001. ISBN 0-316-78753-1, pg. 422
  8. 1 2 3 4 Greene, Jo-Ann. "Intrigue and Incest: Pearl Jam and the Secret History of Seattle" (Part 2). Goldmine. August 20, 1993.
  9. ↑ Rotondi, James. "Blood On the Tracks". Guitar Player. January 1994.
  10. 1 2 Hiatt, Brian (June 16, 2006). "The Second Coming of Pearl Jam". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
  11. ↑ Alden, Grant. "Requiem for a Heavyweight." Guitar World. July 1997
  12. ↑ Nicholls, Justin (April 14, 1991). "KISW 99.9 FM: Seattle, Radio Interview by Damon Stewart in The New Music Hour with Chris Cornell, Jeff Ament and Stone Gossard". Fivehorizons.com. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  13. ↑ Wall, Mick. "Pearl Jam". Sidgewick and Jackson Books. 1994. ISBN 0-283-06207-X
  14. ↑ Turman, Katherine. "Life Rules." RIP. October 1991
  15. ↑ Crowe, Cameron (October 28, 1993). "Five Against the World". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-06-23.
  16. ↑ Peiken, Matt (December 1993). "Dave Abbruzzese of Pearl Jam". Modern Drummer. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
  17. ↑ "Clapton Tops List of Grammy Nominations". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  18. ↑ "1993 Video Music Awards". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  19. 1 2 "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
  20. ↑ "VH1: 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s". VH1. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  21. ↑ "Pearl's Jam". Entertainment Weekly. November 19, 1993. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  22. 1 2 "Awards Database". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  23. ↑ Pareles, Jon (February 26, 1995). "POP VIEW; Playing Grammy Roulette". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  24. ↑ Ashare, Matt. "The Sweet Smell of (Moderate) Success". CMJ. July 2000.
  25. ↑ DeRogatis, Jim. Milk It!: Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90's. Cambridge: Da Capo, 2003. ISBN 0-306-81271-1, pg. 58
  26. 1 2 Van Schagen, Sarah (July 21, 2006). ""Jam Session" – Interview with Stone Gossard". www.grist.org. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  27. ↑ Strauss, Neil (January 5, 1996). "New Faces in Grammy Nominations". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  28. 1 2 Weisbard, Eric, et al. "Ten Past Ten". Spin. August 2001.
  29. 1 2 Fischer, Blair R (April 17, 1998). "Off He Goes". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
  30. ↑ "41st annual Grammy nominees and winners". CNN.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  31. ↑ Davis, Darren (March 7, 2001). "Pearl Jam Breaks Its Own Chart Record". Yahoo! Music. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
  32. ↑ Moss, Corey. "Pearl Jam DVD Compiles Tour Footage". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  33. ↑ "Golden Globes Nominations & Winners". goldenglobes.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  34. ↑ Prato, Greg. "Brad Finishing Up Fourth Album". Billboard. January 18, 2006.
  35. ↑ "Brad Announces New Label Partnership With Razor and Tie". pearljam.com. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
  36. ↑ McDonough, Jimmy. "Shakey: Neil Young's Biography", Anchor, 2003. ISBN 0-679-75096-7
  37. ↑ Stout, Gene. "Gossard Picks Up the Mike on Solo Album". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. September 11, 2001.
  38. ↑ Cohen, Jonathan (August 29, 2001). "Gossard's 'Bayleaf' Falls From Pearl Jam Family Tree". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 2, 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
  39. ↑ Prato, Greg. "Bayleaf". Allmusic.
  40. ↑ "Stone Gossard". pearljam.com.
  41. ↑ Thill, Scott (October 17, 2008). "From Ticketmaster to Trees: An Interview With Pearl Jam Guitarist Stone Gossard". Wired News. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
  42. ↑ Epitonic.com."Epitonic.com Music website". Last accessed 2008-04-15.
  43. ↑ Endino, Jack. "Endino Newsletter 5.0 (3/2000)". March 2000.
  44. ↑ "Discogs: Screaming Trees – Last Words: The Final Recordings". Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  45. ↑ "Studio Litho – List of Clients". Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  46. ↑ "Stone Gossard". Internet Movie Database.
  47. ↑ Wild Salmon Center Board of Directors. Last accessed 2008-04-15.
  48. ↑ Garbarini, Vic. "Mother of Pearl". Musician. May 1995.
  49. ↑ Single Video Theory. Pearl Jam. Video. Epic, 1998.
  50. ↑ Scaggs, Austin. "Eddie Vedder: Addicted to Rock". Rolling Stone. April 21, 2006.
  51. ↑ Cross, Charles R. "Better Man". Guitar World Presents: Guitar Legends: Pearl Jam. July 2006.
  52. ↑ Fricke, David. "Pearl Jam: Review". Rolling Stone. April 21, 2006.
  53. ↑ Fricke, David. "The Top 20 New Guitar Gods". Rolling Stone. February 22, 2007.
  54. ↑ Calm Down Juanita (CD Liner). Calm Down Juanita. Seattle, Washington, US: Echo Records. 1998. inside front cover.
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