Symphony No. 20 (Mozart)

Symphony No. 20 in D major, K. 133, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in July, 1772,^[1] when Mozart was sixteen years old. This symphony is one of many written during the period Mozart stayed in Salzburg, between two trips to Italy. Compared to other symphonies Mozart wrote in this period, the scoring is extravagant, featuring two trumpets in addition to the standard oboes, horns, and strings. The key of D major, which is a key often reserved for ceremonial music, is well suited to the presence of these trumpets.^[1]

Structure

The symphony is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two horns, two trumpets and strings.

$\relative c' { \tempo "Allegro" \key d \major <d d' d'>4\f r q r | q4 r d\p d | d4.\startTrillSpan( cis16\stopTrillSpan d) e4 fis | e4 r e e | e4.\startTrillSpan( d16\stopTrillSpan e) fis4 g | fis4 }$

There are four movements:

Allegro
The first movement, in D major and 4/4 time, is written in sonata-allegro form, with the notable deviation of the recapitulation being the mirror image of the exposition. That is, the recapitulation starts with the second theme, and Mozart waits until the very end to unveil the return of the first theme. He does so by first bringing the theme in softly with the strings, then repeating with the strings now doubled by the trumpets.
Andante
The second movement, in A major and 2/4, features strings with a solo flute, which typically doubles the first violin one octave higher. The violins play with mutes throughout the movement, and the bass part is played pizzicato. These features, in combination, give the movement a delicate texture.
Menuetto; Trio
This minuet in D major starts boldly. A more subdued trio written primarily for strings (with a bit of oboe).
[Allegro]
The fourth movement, also in D major, is a long dance in 12/8 time cast in sonata-allegro form. Though Mozart himself did not label the tempo of the fourth movement, the character of the piece and the standard symphonic form of the time indicates that Mozart probably intended the piece to go at an "allegro" tempo.

References

1 2 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus; Giglberger, Veronika (preface), Robinson, J. Branford (transl.) (2005). Die Sinfonien III. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag. p. XI. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) ISMN M-006-20466-3

External links

Symphony in D K. 133: Score and critical report (German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
Symphony No. 20: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Biography	Biographies Birthplace Grand tour Name Nationality Scatology Smallpox Religion Italy Berlin Prague Death

Family	Leopold Mozart Anna Maria Mozart Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl) Constanze Mozart Maria Anna Thekla Mozart (Bäsle) Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart Karl Thomas Mozart Johann Georg Mozart Joseph Lange Cäcilia Weber Josepha Weber Aloysia Weber Sophie Weber Georg Nissen Family trees

Music	Köchel catalogue List of compositions Concert arias, songs, canons Dances Horn concertos Masses Operas Piano concertos Works for solo piano Sonatas Symphonies Compositional method

Influences	Haydn Salieri Beethoven Freemasonry

Related	Mozart in popular culture

Category:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Unnumbered	K. 16a (Odense) K. 19a K. 45a (Old Lambach) K. 76 K. 45b K. 74g K. 81 K. 95 K. 97 K. 75 K. 98 K. 111+120 K. 96 K. 161 K. 135+61h K. 196+121 K. 208+102

Numbered	#1 (K. 16) #2 (K. 17)^a #3 (K. 18)^b #4 (K. 19) #5 (K. 22) #6 (K. 43) #7 (K. 45) #8 (K. 48) #9 (K. 73) #10 (K. 74) #11 (K. 84) #12 (K. 110) #13 (K. 112) #14 (K. 114) #15 (K. 124) #16 (K. 128) #17 (K. 129) #18 (K. 130) #19 (K. 132) #20 (K. 133) #21 (K. 134) #22 (K. 162) #23 (K. 181) #24 (K. 182) #25 (K. 183) #26 (K. 184) #27 (K. 199) #28 (K. 200) #29 (K. 201) #30 (K. 202) #31 (K. 297, Paris) #32 (K. 318) #33 (K. 319) #34 (K. 338) #35 (K. 385, Haffner) #36 (K. 425, Linz) #37 (K. 444)^c #38 (K. 504, Prague) #39 (K. 543) #40 (K. 550) #41 (K. 551, Jupiter)

Lost	K. 19b K. 66c K. 66d K. 66e K. Anh.C 11.07 K. Anh.C 11.08

^a #2 now attributed to Leopold Mozart. ^b #3 now attributed to Carl Friedrich Abel. ^c #37 now attributed to Michael Haydn. List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart List of spurious/doubtful Mozart symphonies

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