Symphony No. 6 (Prokofiev)

Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Symphony No. 6 in E-flat minor (Op. 111) in 1947.

Background

The symphony, written as an elegy of the tragedies of World War II, has often been regarded as the darker twin to the victorious Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major. Prokofiev said of the symphony, "Now we are rejoicing in our great victory, but each of us has wounds that cannot be healed. One has lost those dear to him, another has lost his health. These must not be forgotten."

The symphony was condemned in 1948 by the Soviet government under the second Zhdanov decree for not conforming to party lines, but it was favourably received among critics.

Movements

The symphony is in 3 movements (rather than the conventional 4), and lasts 40–45 minutes:

  1. Allegro moderato (E-flat minor-E-flat major)
  2. Largo (A-flat major)
  3. Vivace (E-flat major)

The first movement is characterized by an overall sombre mood, which Prokofiev described as "the painful results of war". It contains three themes: The first, on 1st violins and violas, is like the winds of a graveyard; the second, played by oboes, is slower and more melancholic; the third theme is played by the cor anglais accompanied by a lugubrious marching rhythm. The ensuing development section builds up tension using elements from the first theme before reaching an excruciating climax, the aftermath of which is the ghostly pulsating echoes on horns. The recapitulation only consists of the second and third themes, while the coda contains a final struggle, eventually to recede into silent despair.

The second movement, a slow threnody in arch form, opens with clangorous sonorities, before revealing a main theme full of noble character. After the thunderous climax in the central section, reflective horns call out a nostalgic melody, later to be accompanied by the music-box sounds of the celesta and harp. The noble melody returns and the movement ends with the same clangorous sonorities as it had begun with.

The finale, although having switched to the key of E-flat major (a supposedly "happy" key), is actually ambiguous in character: the lively main theme, initially carried by the violins, is answered by pounding timpani and brass, as if to threaten it back. A subsidiary theme follows on woodwinds and is accompanied by a chugging rhythm on strings. The two themes are subsequently developed and eventually combined. However, a mournful bassoon then winds down the previous activity and there is a thought-provoking reappearance of the melancholic oboe theme from the first movement, as if to remind us again of the pains of war. After the meditation, there is a resumption of the threatening poundings of timpani and brass, this time accentuated with "wrong notes", and the symphony ends with a sardonic cry from high brass, juxtaposing F major with D major before the ultimate E-flat major chord.

Instrumentation

The work scores for the following:

Woodwinds

Brass

Percussion

Keyboard

Strings

Premiere

The Sixth Symphony was premiered on 11 October 1947. It was performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic and was conducted by Yevgeniy Alexandrovich Mravinsky.[1]

Recordings

Orchestra Conductor Record Company Year of Recording Format
Philadelphia Orchestra Eugene Ormandy CBS 1950 LP
Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra Evgeny Mravinsky Russian Disc 1959 CD
Boston Symphony Orchestra Erich Leinsdorf RCA 1965 CD/LP
London Philharmonic Orchestra Walter Weller Decca 1975 CD/LP
Czech Philharmonic Orchestra Zdeněk Košler Supraphon 1980 CD
Scottish National Orchestra Neeme Järvi Chandos 1985 CD
Orchestre National de France Mstislav Rostropovich Erato 1988 CD
Berlin Philharmonic Seiji Ozawa Deutsche Grammophon 1991 CD
National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine Theodore Kuchar Naxos 1994 CD
The Cleveland Orchestra Vladimir Ashkenazy Decca 1995 CD
National Symphony Orchestra Leonard Slatkin BMG 1996 CD
NHK Symphony Orchestra Charles Dutoit DECCA 1998 CD
London Symphony Orchestra Valery Gergiev Philips 2004 CD
National Orchestra of the O.R.T.F. Jean Martinon Vox CD
USSR Ministry of Culture State Symphony Orchestra Gennadi Rozhdestvensky CD/LP

References

  1. Simon Alexander Morrison (2009). The people's artist: Prokofiev's Soviet years. Oxford University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-19-518167-8. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
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