Tensor veli palatini muscle
| Tensor veli palatini muscle | |
|---|---|
 Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind (tensor veli palatini visible at upper right). | |
 The otic ganglion and its branches (tensor veli palatini visible at center left). | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone (scaphoid fossa) |
| Insertion | Palatine aponeurosis |
| Nerve | Medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve (V3) |
| Actions | Tension of the soft palate |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Musculus tensor veli palatini |
| TA | A05.2.01.103 |
| FMA | 46730 |
The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati or tensor muscle of the velum palatinum) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate.
Structure
The tensor veli palatini is found anterior-lateral to the levator veli palatini muscle.
It arises by a flat lamella from the scaphoid fossa at the base of the medial pterygoid plate, from the spina angularis of the sphenoid and from the lateral wall of the cartilage of the auditory tube.
Descending vertically between the medial pterygoid plate and the medial pterygoid muscle, it ends in a tendon which winds around the pterygoid hamulus, being retained in this situation by some of the fibers of origin of the medial pterygoid muscle.
Between the tendon and the hamulus is a small bursa.
The tendon then passes medially and is inserted into the palatine aponeurosis and into the surface behind the transverse ridge on the horizontal part of the palatine bone.
Innervation
The tensor veli palatini is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve, a branch of mandibular nerve, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) - the only muscle of the palate not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, which is formed by the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.
Function
The tensor veli palatini tenses the soft palate and by doing so, assists the levator veli palatini in elevating the palate to occlude and prevent entry of food into the nasopharynx during swallowing. The tensed palate consequently provides a stable platform for elevation of the pharynx during swallowing by the pharyngeal muscles. Since it is also attached to the lateral cartilaginous lamina of the auditory tube, it assists in its opening during swallowing or yawning to allow air pressure to equalize between the tympanic cavity and the outside air. Equalization of air pressure in the tympanic cavity is essential for preventing damage to the tympanic membrane and a resulting loss of hearing acuity.
Additional images
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
See also
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)