Timeline of healthcare in Ethiopia

This is a timeline of healthcare in Ethiopia, focusing especially on modern science-based medicine healthcare. Major events such as policies and organizations are described.

Big picture

Year/period Key developments
Prior to 1896Local traditional African medicine is present in Ethiopia for most of its history.
1896–onwardWestern medicine is consolidated after first hospital is built by Europeans.[1]
1948–onwardThe Ministry of Health is established.[1]
PresentToday, the major health problems of Ethiopia remain largely preventable communicable diseases and nutritional disorders. The rate of morbidity and mortality remain high and the health status is relatively poor. Physician brain drain is an actual major issue.[1]

Full timeline

Evolution of life expectancy in Ethiopia for the period 1950–2005.[2]
Year/period Type of event Event Location
1896OrganizationThe Russian Red Cross builds the first hospital in Ethiopia.[1]
1939ReportFirst case of onchocerciasis in Ethiopia is reported.[3]
1942ReportFirst case of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia is identified.[3]
1948OrganizationThe Ministry of Health is established.[1]
1954OrganizationUniversity of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences is founded.[4]Gondar
1956CampaignAn organized leprosy control program is established in Ethiopia within the Ministry of Health.[3]
1964PolicyPharmacy Regulation No.288/1964 is introduced. This legislation forms the legal basis for official establishment of drug regulation in Ethiopia, enabling the regulation of the practice of pharmacists, druggists and pharmacy technicians; manufacturing, distribution, and sale of medicines.[5]
1969ReportFirst case of dracunculiasis is reported in Ethiopia.[3]
1983CampaignMultiple Drug Therapy (MDT) is massively implemented in Ethiopia, leading to relatively rapid reduction in prevalence of leprosy.[3]
1988–1989ReportThe national schistosomiasis survey reports an overall prevalence of 25% over the total population in Ethiopia.[3]
1989OrganizationEthiopiaid is established as a registered charity that generates public funding for local charity partners in Ethiopia.[6]
1989OrganizationActionAid Ethiopia (AAI-E) is founded as a charity organization. It assists in HIV/AIDS and primary health care (PHC), food security and emergency responses, among other interventions.[7]
1993CampaignThe Ethiopian Ministry of Health establishes the National Dracunculiasis Eradication Program, and launches a village-by-village nationwide search during which 1,120 cases are found in 99 villages in the southwest part of the country.[3]
1994CampaignLeprosy is combined with tuberculosis under a joint control program.[3]
1996OrganizationAwassa Health Science College is founded.[8]Hawassa
1998CampaignCommunity-based lymphoedema management for podoconiosis is started.[3]Wolayita Zone
1999CampaignThe first national plan to fight onchocerciasis is developed.[3]
1999PolicyDrug Administration and Control Proclamation No.176/1999” is introduced as new regulation, repealing most parts of the regulation 288/1964. The new law establishes an independent Drug Administration and Control Authority (DACA) with further mandate of setting standards of competence for licensing institutions/facilities.[5]
1999AchievementEthiopia reaches the leprosy elimination target of 1 case/10,000 population.[3]
2000CampaignEthiopia implements the WHO-approved SAFE strategy for trachoma control: surgeries, antibiotics, face and hand washing and environmental hygiene.[3]
2000OrganizationThe National Onchocerciasis Task Force is established by Ethiopia's Ministry of Health. Its mission encompasses mobilizing and educating onchocerciasis-endemic communities; coordinating Mectizan tablet procurement (donated by Merck) and distribution; and coordinating all partners in the program.[3]
2001OrganizationProject Harar is established as a charity organization working in Ethiopia to help children affected by facial disfigurements.[9]
2004CampaignThe Enhanced Outreach Strategy (EOS) program is launched under the mission of deworming 2–5 year old children every six months. The strategy is implemented in every district in the country except Addis Ababa. By 2009 the program has reached more than 11 million children in 624 districts.[3]
2005–2006ReportSurvey conducted suggests that Ethiopia is the most trachoma-affected country in the world.[3]
2006ReportThe total number of physicians in the public sector in Ethiopia reaches an all-time low of 638.[1]
2006CampaignA leishmaniasis control program that includes mandatory notification is established.[3]
2006CampaignEthiopia’s Reproductive Health Strategy (2006–2015) is launched. It identifies six priority areas: social and cultural determinants of women’s reproductive health; fertility and family planning; maternal and newborn health; HIV/AIDS; reproductive health of young people; and reproductive organ cancers.[10]
2009CampaignThe Ethiopian Ministry of Health launches a lymphatic filariasis elimination program. The program reaches 84% of its target by providing annual Mass drug administration of a single dose of ivermectin and albendazole to a target of almost 100,000 people.[3]Gambela Region
2010CampaignMore than 14.7 million people receive azithromycin through the Carter Center, using what is known as the MalTra-Week Strategy (combining malaria case detection and treatment with mass azithromycin distribution).[3]
2010PolicyThe Ethiopian Drug Administration and Control Authority DACA is restructured as Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority (EFMHACA) by Proclamation No. 661/2009, bearing additional responsibilities like regulation of food, health care personnel and settings.[5]
2011ReportIndividual latrine coverage (ownership and utilization) reaches 45% for rural households in Ethiopia.[3]
2013PolicyEthiopia includes podoconiosis in its national neglected tropical diseases (NTD) master plan, given that the greatest burden of podoconiosis globally is assumed to occur in Ethiopia.[11]
2016ReportLife expectancy in the Ethiopia is estimated at 58 years, being ranked 203rd out of 228 political subdivisions.[12]

See also

References

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