Trident

Poseidon's trident

A trident /ˈtraɪdənt/ is a three-pronged spear. It is used for spear fishing and historically as a polearm. The trident is the weapon of Poseidon, or Neptune, the god of the sea in classical mythology. In Hindu mythology it is the weapon of Shiva, known as trishula (Sanskrit for "triple-spear").

Etymology

The word "trident" comes from the French word trident, which in turn comes from the Latin word tridens or tridentis: tri "three" and dentes "teeth". Sanskrit trishula is compound of tri त्रि "three"+ ṣūla शूल "thorn".

The Greek equivalent is τρίαινα (tríaina), from Proto-Greek trianja (threefold).

Uses

Mosaic, 4th century BC, showing a retiarius or "net fighter", with a trident and cast net, fighting a secutor.

Fountain of Neptune in Diafáni, Karpathos island

In Greek, Roman, and Hindu mythology, the trident is said to have the power of control over the ocean.

Fishing

Tridents for fishing usually have barbed tines which trap the speared fish firmly. In the Southern and Midwestern United States, gigging is used for harvesting suckers, bullfrogs, flounder, and many species of rough fish.^[1]

Combat

The trident, known as dangpa, is featured as a weapon in the 17th- to 18th-century systems of Korean martial arts.

In Ancient Rome, in a parody of fishing, tridents were famously used by a type of gladiator called a retiarius or "net fighter". The retiarius was traditionally pitted against a secutor, and cast a net to wrap his adversary and then used the trident to kill him.^[2]

Symbolism and mythology

In Hindu legends and stories Shiva, a Hindu God who holds a trident in his hand, uses this sacred weapon to fight off negativity in the form of evil villains. The trident is also said to represent three gunas mentioned in Indian vedic philosophy namely sāttvika, rājasika and tāmasika.

In Greek myth, Poseidon used his trident to create water sources in Greece and the horse. Poseidon, as well as being god of the sea, was also known as the "Earth Shaker" because when he struck the earth in anger he caused mighty earthquakes and he used his trident to stir up tidal waves, tsunamis and sea storms. Parallel to its fishing origins, the trident is associated with Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology, the Roman god Neptune.

In Roman myth, Neptune also used a trident to create new bodies of water and cause earthquakes. A good example can be seen in Gian Bernini's Neptune and Triton.

In religious Taoism, the trident represents the Taoist Trinity, the Three Pure Ones. In Taoist rituals, a trident bell is used to invite the presence of deities and summon spirits, as the trident signifies the highest authority of Heaven.

The trishula of the Hindu god Shiva. A weapon of South-East Asian (particularly Thai) depiction of Hanuman, a character of Ramayana.

A fork Jewish priests (Kohanim) used to take their portions of offerings.^[3]

The glyph or sigil of the planet Neptune in astronomy and astrology.

Political

• The Tryzub in the Coat of Arms of Ukraine, adopted 1918 (in a reinterpretation of a medieval emblem which most likely depicted a falcon)
• The national emblem on the flag of Barbados.
• The "forks of the people's anger", adopted by the Russian anti-Soviet revolutionary organization, National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS).
• Britannia, the personification of Great Britain.

Civilian use

• The symbol for Washington and Lee University.
• The symbol (since June 2008) for the athletic teams (Tritons) at the University of Missouri–St. Louis.
• Sparky the Sun Devil, the mascot of Arizona State University, holds a trident. (ASU recently redesigned its trident as a stand-alone symbol)
• The trident was used as the original cap insignia and original logo for the Seattle Mariners.
• An element on the flag of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
• The Maserati logo
• Club Méditerranée
• Hawker Siddeley Trident, a 1960s British three-engine jet airliner
• Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race trophy
• University of California, San Diego mascot is the Triton.

Military emblems

• With Poseidon in the 31st Brigade.
• The symbol of the Swedish Coastal Rangers, Kustjägarna.
• The US Naval Special Warfare insignia, worn by members of the US Navy SEALs, and containing a trident representing the three aspects (Sea, Air, and Land) of SEAL special operations.
• Part of the golden-colored crest of the United States Naval Academy, which depicts a trident running vertically in its background.
• The ship's crests of 13 of the 18 Ohio-class submarines of the U.S. Navy prominently feature tridents, as both a symbol of maritime power, and in reference to their payloads of Trident D-5 missiles.
• The rating badge of the United States Coast Guard Marine Science Technician.

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  A statue of Hindu God Shiva, holding a trishula, near Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi

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  Dutch fishermen using tridents in the 17th century

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  Trident, Burmese, 18th century

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  Tridents (Trishula) brought as offerings to Guna Devi, near Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India^[1]

1. ^ http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/wtc_steel_artifact_tells_its_own_nm4XpulDud9dzoAFwcPYxJ

Botanical nomenclature

A number of structures in the biological world are described as trident in appearance. Since at least the late 19th century the trident shape was applied to certain botanical shapes; for example, certain orchid flora were described as having trident-tipped lips in early botanical works.^[4] Furthermore, in current botanical literature, certain bracts are stated to have a trident-shape (e.g. Douglas-fir).^[5]

See also

• Trident in popular culture
• Bident
• Military fork
• Pitchfork
• Sai (weapon)
• Trishula
• Eighteen Arms of Wushu
• Coat of arms of Ukraine

Notes

1. Turner, Andy. "Fish Gigging: An Ozark Tradition". Missouri Department of Conservation.
2. Roland Auguet [1970] (1994). Cruelty and Civilization: The Roman Games. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10452-1.
3. http://www.mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et08a02.htm
4. John Lindley and Thomas Moore (1964) The Treasury of Botany: A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable Kingdom with which is Incorporated a Glossary of Botanical Terms, Published by Longmans Green, pt.1
5. C. Michael Hogan (2008) Douglas-fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii, globalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Strõmberg)