Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area

Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
Wisconsin State Natural Area
Country	United States
State	Wisconsin
County	Manitowoc

Location	Two Creeks
- elevation	614 ft (187 m) ^[1]
- coordinates	44°19′39″N 87°32′41″W / 44.32750°N 87.54472°W / 44.32750; -87.54472Coordinates: 44°19′39″N 87°32′41″W / 44.32750°N 87.54472°W / 44.32750; -87.54472

Area	25 acres (10 ha)

Founded	1967
Management	Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Unit of	Ice Age National Scientific Reserve

Location of Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area in Wisconsin

Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area is a site in the Wisconsin State Natural Areas Program and a unit of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve. The site lies in the northeast corner of Manitowoc County on the shore of Lake Michigan north of Two Creeks, Wisconsin, USA. Exposed on the steep lakeshore is a stratum of floral remains embedded in sediment, which is sandwiched between layers of glacial till. The logs, branches, pine needles, pinecones, moss, and other forest litter have been radiocarbon dated to 11,850 years B.P. This is an important site in geochronology because it firmly establishes the timeframe of advances and retreats during the last glacial period.

The lower layer of glacial till was deposited by the Cary substage of the Wisconsin glaciation. The remains in the park prove that a warmer interval followed in which the glacier retreated and a forest of spruce, pine, and hemlock grew. A count of growth rings in the logs produced an average age of 60 years in these trees. Then the climate cooled again and the Valders substage began. A glacial tongue blocked Lake Michigan's drainage, causing the water level to rise and flood the forest, carrying in sediments which buried the forest floor. The glacier proceeded to flow over the forest, flattening it and ultimately depositing another layer of glacial till over it.

Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area is open to visitation. There is an historical marker at the location.^[2] The site has no trails or displays, but visitors can park in the northwest corner of the site and wander freely across the grounds. Collection of any material is prohibited.

References

↑ "Two Creeks Buried State Forest". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 1980-08-29. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
↑ "An Ancient Forest Bed". Wisconsin Historical Markers. 2013-08-31. Retrieved 2013-09-06.

Black, Robert F. Geology of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve of Wisconsin. National Park Service Scientific Monograph, 1974.
Meyer, Thomas, ed. Wisconsin, Naturally: A Guide to 150 Great State Natural Areas. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2003.

External links

Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
Two Creeks Buried Forest geology from the National Park Service

Continental glaciations

General

Landforms

Erosional

Depositional

Glacifluvial	Diluvium Esker Giant current ripples Kame Kame delta Kettle hole Outwash fan Sandur

North American
places

Canadian	Arrowhead Provincial Park, Ontario Big Rock (glacial erratic), Alberta Cypress Hills (Canada), Saskatchewan Eramosa River, Ontario Eskers Provincial Park, British Columbia Foothills Erratics Train, Alberta Lion's Head Provincial Park, Ontario Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario Ovayok Territorial Park, Nunavut

United States	Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area, Wisconsin Coteau des Prairies, South Dakota Devil's Lake State Park, Wisconsin Glacial Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin Glacial Lakes State Park, Minnesota Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area, Wisconsin Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail, Idaho, Oregon & Washington Ice Age National Scientific Reserve, Wisconsin Ice Age Trail, Wisconsin Interstate State Park, Minnesota & Wisconsin Kelleys Island, Ohio Kettle Moraine State Forest, Wisconsin Lake Bonneville, Utah Lake Lahontan, Nevada Lake Missoula, Montana Mill Bluff State Park, Wisconsin Oneida Lake, New York Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area, Wisconsin Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field, Washington Yosemite National Park, California

Eurasian and
Antarctic places

Time periods

Category

Protected areas of Wisconsin

Federal

National Park Service	Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Ice Age National Scientific Reserve Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway

National Forests	Chequamegon-Nicolet

National Wildlife Refuges	Driftless Area Fox River Gravel Island Green Bay Hackmatack Horicon Marsh Necedah Trempealeau Upper Mississippi River Whittlesey Creek

National Trails	Ice Age Trail Timms Hill Trail North Country Trail

National Estuarine Research Reserves	Lake Superior

National Wilderness System	Blackjack Springs Gaylord Nelson Headwaters Porcupine Lake Rainbow Lake Whisker Lake Wisconsin Islands

State

State Parks	Amnicon Falls Aztalan Belmont Mound Big Bay Big Foot Beach Blue Mound Brunet Island Buckhorn Capital Springs Copper Culture Copper Falls Council Grounds Devil's Lake Governor Dodge Governor Nelson Governor Thompson Harrington Beach Hartman Creek Heritage Hill High Cliff Interstate Kinnickinnic Kohler-Andrae Lake Kegonsa Lake Wissota Lakeshore Menominee River Merrick Mill Bluff Mirror Lake Natural Bridge Nelson Dewey New Glarus Woods Newport Pattison Peninsula Perrot Potawatomi Rib Mountain Roche-a-Cri Rock Island Rocky Arbor Straight Lake Tower Hill Whitefish Dunes Wildcat Mountain Willow River Wyalusing Yellowstone Lake

State Natural Areas	Abraham's Woods Bayshore Blufflands Black Earth Rettenmund Prairie Black Tern Bog Dells of the Wisconsin River Dorothy Lake Dunnville Barrens Gibraltar Rock Grandma Lake Kangaroo Lake Moquah Barrens Parfrey's Glen Pewits Nest Rush River Delta Spread Eagle Barrens Spruce Lake Bog Twin Lakes Bog Two Creeks Buried Forest Wind Pudding

State Recreation Areas	Browntown-Cadiz Springs Chippewa Moraine Fischer Creek Hoffman Hills Menominee River Richard Bong

State Forests	Black River Brule River Coulee Experimental Flambeau River Governor Knowles Havenwoods Kettle Moraine - Lapham Peak Unit Kettle Moraine - Loew Lake Unit Kettle Moraine - Northern & Southern Units Kettle Moraine - Pike Lake Unit Northern Highland-American Legion Peshtigo River Point Beach

State Historical Sites	Black Point Estate Circus World Museum First Capitol H. H. Bennett Studio Madeline Island Museum Old World Wisconsin Pendarvis Reed School Stonefield Sylvanus Wade House Villa Louis

State Wildlife Areas	Buena Vista Marsh Crex Meadows Dewey Marsh Horicon Marsh Killsnake Mead

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

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