Víctor Manuel Blanco

Víctor Manuel Blanco
Born March 10, 1918
Guayama, Puerto Rico
Died March 8, 2011
Vero Beach, Florida
Nationality Puerto Rican
Occupation Astronomer
Notes

Blanco discovered "Blanco 1," a galactic cluster in 1959. The Víctor M. Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory was named in his honor.

Víctor Manuel Blanco
Born March 10, 1918
Guayama, Puerto Rico
Died March 8, 2011
Vero Beach, Florida
Allegiance United States United States of America
Service/branch  United States Army Air Forces
Years of service 1940-1946
Battles/wars World War II
Other work scientist, astronomer

Víctor Manuel Blanco (March 10, 1918 – March 8, 2011) was a Puerto Rican astronomer who in 1959 discovered "Blanco 1," a galactic cluster.[1][2] Blanco was the second Director of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, which had the largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere at the time.[3] In 1995, the telescope was dedicated in his honor and named the Víctor M. Blanco Telescope; it is also known as the "Blanco 4m."[4]

Early years

Blanco was one of nine siblings born in the town of Guayama, Puerto Rico to Felipe Blanco, a policeman, and Adelfa Pagan de Blanco, a housewife. He received his primary and secondary education in his hometown. As a child, Blanco would often wonder about the stars and built a backyard telescope, thus his interest in astronomy. He entered the University of Puerto Rico to study medicine but, after some time at the university, Blanco decided study astronomy and moved to the city of Chicago. He entered the University of Chicago, but was drafted into the military before he finished college.[5]

World War II

During World War II, Blanco served in the US Army Air Force in the Pacific Theater. His duties in the military required that he repair and tune radar detectors. This permitted him to study atmospheric effects on radar waves. After being discharged from the military, he was granted college credit for his wartime work, and returned briefly to the University of Chicago where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree.[6]

Career as an Astronomer

Blanco was employed by the University of Puerto Rico as an assistant professor of astrometry, until he was recruited in 1948 to assist in polishing, calibrating and maintaining the mirrors of the 200-inch Hale telescope in California. He entered the University of California, Berkeley, where he continued his studies and earned his master's degree and, in 1949, his Doctorate in astronomy.[7] In 1949, he returned to Puerto Rico and reassumed his duties at the University of Puerto Rico.[8]

Blanco later served as the Director of the Astrometry and Astrophysics Division of the United States Naval Observatory.[6] The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) provides a wide range of astronomical data and products, and serves as the official source of time for the U.S. Department of Defense and the standard of time for the entire United States.[9] He also served in Java, Indonesia for UNESCO in the position of astronomer.

Accomplishments

The Víctor M. Blanco Telescope,
also known as "The Blanco 4m"

In 1959, while serving as a professor of astrophysics at the Case Institute of Technology (renamed Case Western Reserve University in 1967) in Cleveland, Ohio,[3] Blanco discovered an open cluster. It was named ""Blanco 1" in his honor, and has a blue star Zeta Sculptoris in the center of its constellation.[1] According to The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Blanco 1 exhibits subsolar ratios that are not observed among nearby field stars.[10] Together with his wife Betty, Blanco and Martin McCarthy conducted pioneering research into the stellar population in the central regions of our galaxy, and in the Magellanic Clouds. They discovered the change in the ratio of carbon stars to M-type stars from the nuclear bulge of our galaxy, in relation to both Large Magellanic Clouds and Small Magellanic Clouds.[3]

In July 1967, Blanco became the second director of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). Located in Cerro Tololo mountain, Chile and founded in 1963, it is part of the National (U.S.) Optical Astronomy Observatory known as "NOAO." Blanco assembled the scientific, engineering, and technical staff from scratch.[3]

When Blanco arrived at CTIO, there was a 60-inch telescope in operation. During his tenure the University of Michigan's 0.6-m Curtis Schmidt moved there in 1967, CTIO installed a 0.9-m reflector in 1967 and a 1.5-m reflector in 1968, and Yale University's 1-m reflector was installed there in 1973.[11]

In addition to these university installations, Blanco played a central role in persuading various agencies to participate in the construction of a four-meter telescope. During its construction, Blanco personally oversaw the alignment and calibration of the telescope. The telescope, which is the southern twin of the four-meter instrument at Kitt Peak National Observatory, opened in 1974. This four-meter telescope (also known as a "4-m") became the most productive telescope in the Southern Hemisphere.[3]

As director of CTIO, Blanco also maintained excellent relations with the Chilean astronomical community and the Chilean public at large. His tenure spanned the presidencies of Eduardo Frei Montalva, Salvador Allende, and Augusto Pinochet.[3] Blanco was director of CTIO until 1981, when he was succeeded by Osmer.[4]

Víctor M. Blanco Telescope

On October 15, 1985, E. Bowell discovered a main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 1571.4391974 days (4.30 years) which he named 9550 Victorblanco in honor of Blanco.[12]

On 8 September 1995, in a well-attended mountaintop ceremony, the CTIO 4-m telescope was officially named the Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, also known as "The Blanco 4m." Amongst its many uses, this telescope is used to study cosmic acceleration - the possibility that our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. At the main entrance to the building a large bronze plaque reads,[3] in both Spanish and English:

Telescopio Víctor M. Blanco

En reconocimiento a los años de destacada labor y servicio en Cerro Tololo.

In appreciation for many years of outstanding leadership and service at CTIO.

Written works and academic memberships

Blanco was the co-author of many articles in astrophysics including:

He was a member of the International Astronomical Union in the following divisions:[17]

Death

Blanco died on March 8, 2011 at Indian River Medical Center in Vero Beach, Florida. He was survived by his wife of 42 years, Betty Blanco; a son, Daniel Blanco; a stepson, David Mintz; and a stepdaughter, Elizabeth Vitell.[18]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 El Escultor de las Galaxias (Spanish)
  2. ↑ Sculptor of Galaxy (English)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NOAO NEWS
  4. 1 2 Brief History of THE CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY
  5. ↑ "Victor Blanco, Stargazer, Dies at 92"; New York Times; By: DENNIS OVERBYE; Published: March 16, 2011
  6. 1 2 Ildelfonso Lopez, Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso, Pg. 7, Publisher: AEELA, 1998.
  7. ↑ Astronomy
  8. ↑ Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 363, p.274; Bibliographic Code: 1949PASP...61..274
  9. ↑ Naval Oceanography Portal
  10. ↑ Revue / Journal Title Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ISSN 0035-8711 CODEN MNRAA4
  11. ↑ NOAO
  12. ↑ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". NASA. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  13. ↑ Telescopes, Red Stars, and Chilean Skies
  14. ↑ Carbon Stars
  15. ↑ Late type giants in Large Magellanic Cloud
  16. ↑ Basic Physics of the Solar System
  17. ↑ Víctor M. Blanco
  18. ↑ Obituary at Legacy.com
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