Veediya Bandara

Veediya Bandara (Sinhala: වීදිය බණ්ඩාර) was the commander-in-chief of the Kingdom of Kotte, Sri Lanka, during the reign of Bhuvanaikabahu VII of Kotte (1521–1551).[1] He was a gifted warrior[1] and widely regarded as one of the greatest generals of Sri Lankan history.[2] Well known for his prowess of warfare, he was the central figure of the Kotte army, in a series of relentless wars against King Mayadunne of Sitawaka and occasionally, against the Portuguese.[3] Being impetuous by nature, he got himself involved in many scandals, including the murder of his wife, Samudra Deviya (සමුද්‍ර දේවි), the daughter of his king.[4]

Background

At the time of his birth and during his youth in early 16th century, several parties were struggling for the supremacy of the island of Sri Lanka. Chief among them were King Bhuvanekabahu VII, his younger brother Mayadunne, the ruler of Sithawaka and the Portuguese, who were starting to establish themselves along the western coast of Sri Lanka. In addition, the central and northern parts of the island were also governed by regional rulers.

Birth

Veediya Bandara was born to a family of nobility.[5] His father was a local lord of royal descent called Kumara Bandara (කුමාර බණ්ඩාර) and his mother was a cousin of King Bhuvanekabahu.[1] From a very early age, he had access to the royal courts and there, he and the king's daughter, Samudra Deviya, were said to have developed a deep affection towards each other, that would later trigger a catastrophic chain of events.[1]

Marriage

Despite of his noble birth and unparallelled skills at arms, king Bhuvanekabahu did not approve the union of Veediya Bandara and his daughter.[1][2] Instead, he preferred another price called "Jayo Bandara" to take the hand of his daughter. Jayo Bandara was also a chivalrous youth of noble birth, whom the king regarded as the son he never had.[1][2] Outraged by the notion of losing his love, Veediya Bandara went on to challenge Jayo Bandara to a dual for her hand. Although an accomplished fighter himself, Jayo Bandara was no match for the brute strength and the skill of Veediya Bandara.[6] The dual ended up in the defeat and death of Jayo Bandara and it wasn't long before Veediya Bandara realizing the enormity of his actions and fled Kotte.[2][7] Without both the princes the royal army was leaderless and with the threat of his brother Mayadunne looming, king Bhuvanekabahu had no option but to pardon Veediya Bandara, appoint him as the leader of the army and wed him to his daughter.[8][9]

Even though their marriage produced a son named Dharmapala in 1541, it did not prove to be a long lasting one.[3] While Veediya Bandara was away crushing a rebellion, a rumor was spread involving Samudra Deviya and a Portuguese officer at the royal court.[4][10] While several sources suggest that there was little substance to the rumor, the complete truth remains unknown. The truth of the matter, however, did not concern Veediya Bandara. His was an honour of unbendable kind as he deemed the damage done was beyond repair. He took his wife to a walk on the banks of Diyawanna lake and in a moment of madness, confessed his intentions to take her life for her alleged crime.[10] According to legend he wept at the water's edge, as the lifeless body of his loving wife, one of the renowned beauties of her time, was floating on the lake.[4][11]

Military campaigns

Veediya Bandara led the army of Kotte to victory in numerous battles against king Mayadunne and later against his son, Rajasinha I.[12] Once, in the early stages of this rivalry, he annihilated the army of Sithawaka that was strengthened by an alliance with a South Indian state.[13] After the battle, he laid waste to Sithawaka and put the royal palace to torch. And when Mayadunne sued for peace, King Bhuvanekabahu, upon Veediya Bandara's insistence, demanded the heads of the two South Indian commanders who had dared to invade Kotte.[5]

Veediya Bandara had to put down many rebellions in various parts of the country that kept him constantly out of the capital. He often made short work of them, yet, this situation presented his greater enemies with an opportunity. Knowing Veediya Bandara's absence, Mayadunne prepared to attack Kotte with the ruler of Kandy as his ally.[5] When the words reached Veediya Bandara in Uva, he made haste and descended upon the army of Kandy before it joined forces with Mayadunne. Afterwards, his army invaded and captured Sithawaka again as Mayadunne fled without a fight. This, however, was a ruse. Secretly deployed forces attacked Veediya Bandara's men and took them by complete surprise. Unprepared and outnumbered, they endured a heavy defeat for the misjudgment of their leader. Veediya Bandara himself, retreated with several of his guards only to be betrayed by them as there was a hefty price on his head.[5] It is said that they were fighting Veediya Bandara, when Tikiri Bandara Rajasinha, son of Mayadunne arrived there with a force. Rather than facing certain death, Veediya Bandara decided to surrender to price Rajasinha, who in time, distinguished himself as a worrier king.[5]

After his capture, Veediya Bandara was imprisoned in Sithawaka for some time, though, he was able to escape from his prison miraculously, and found his way back to Kotte. Sources claim that Veediya Bandara was aided in his escape by Suriya Deviya, the daughter of Mayadunne, whom had fallen in love with him. Soon after, he saw to it that the debt was paid, when he took Suriya Deviya as his new bride.

After the tragic death of king Bhuvanaikabahu VII, his grandson (and the son of Veediya Bandara's first marriage), Dharmapala, ascended the throne of Kotte. As his regent, Veediya Bandara assumed the governance of the kingdom. Being an opponent of the Portuguese from the start, he decided to prevent the expansion of Christianity in Kotte. This, along with several other matters, caused his relationship with the Portuguese to decline (which was not a promising one at any stage) to a point that saw him arrested and taken prisoner by the colonialists. He was held inside the fort of Colombo to be taken away for a trial in Goa, when his wife rescued him again by having a tunnel dug underneath the walls of the fort.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Veediya Bandara". Sunday Times. 26 July 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "LANKALIBRARY FORUM". Lankalibrary.com. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  3. 1 2 Blaze, L. E. (1900). History of Ceylon. Colombo: Christian Literature Society. ISBN 81-206-1841-6. Retrieved 1 January 2015 – via Google Books.
  4. 1 2 3 "සැකය නිසා ජීවිතයෙන් වන්දි ගෙවූ සමුද්‍රදේවි". Teclanka.com. Retrieved 1 January 2015. zero width joiner character in |title= at position 38 (help)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "හෙල්ල පහරින් මරු දුටු කෝට්ටේ ව්‍යාඝ්‍රයා". Dinamina.lk. Retrieved 1 January 2015. zero width joiner character in |title= at position 32 (help)
  6. ↑ "The battle of the two princes". Sunday Times. 9 August 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  7. ↑ "The end of Jaya Bandara". Sunday Times. 23 August 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  8. ↑ Pieris, Paulus Edward (1920). Ceylon and the Portuguese. American Ceylon Mission Press. ISBN 81-206-1372-4. Retrieved 1 January 2015 – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ "The marriage of Prince Veediya Bandara". Sunday Times. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  10. 1 2 Karunathilake, Halaliye (1 November 2009). "The end of Samudradevi's life". Sunday Times. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  11. ↑ Karunathilake, Halaliye (15 November 2009). "The 'Beauty' of Kotte dies". Sunday Times. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  12. ↑ Panchamee Hewavissenti (3 February 2008). "Episodes of colonised history". Sunday Observer. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  13. ↑ "The ruin of the Malabar Army". Sunday Times. 4 October 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
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