Vlissingen

For other uses of "Flushing", see Flushing (disambiguation).
Vlissingen
Flushing
Municipality

Clockwise from top left: Coastline skyscraper, harbour, museum, residential tower and boulevard with beach

Flag
Coat of arms
Highlighted position of Vlissingen in a municipal map of Zeeland
Location in Zeeland
Coordinates: 51°27′N 3°34′E / 51.450°N 3.567°E / 51.450; 3.567Coordinates: 51°27′N 3°34′E / 51.450°N 3.567°E / 51.450; 3.567
Country Netherlands
Province Zeeland
Boroughs
Government[1]
 • Body Municipal council
 • Mayor Letty Demmers-van der Geest (D66)
Area[2]
 • Total 344.83 km2 (133.14 sq mi)
 • Land 34.18 km2 (13.20 sq mi)
 • Water 310.65 km2 (119.94 sq mi)
Elevation[3] 1 m (3 ft)
Population (May 2014)[4]
 • Total 44,353
 • Density 1,298/km2 (3,360/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Vlissinger
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postcode 4380–4389
Area code 0118
Website www.vlissingen.nl

Vlissingen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)]; Zeelandic: Vlissienge; historical name in English: Flushing) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.

Geography

The municipality of Vlissingen consists of the following places:

History

Vlissingen from the sea, 1662
The Arrival at Vlissingen of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom, oil on canvas.

The fishermen’s hamlet that came into existence at the estuary of the Schelde around AD 620 has grown over its 1,400-year history into the third-most important port of the Netherlands. The Counts of Holland, Flanders, and Zeeland had the first harbours dug. Over the centuries, Vlissingen developed into a hub for fishing, especially the herring fishery, commerce, privateering and the slave trade. Under the Treaty of Nonsuch, English garrisons were stationed here and at Brill to keep these ports out of Spanish hands.[5] During the heyday of the Dutch Golden Age, ships from Vlissingen set sail for the various outposts of the Dutch colonial empire and contributed to the world power of The Seven Provinces.

The history of Vlissingen was also marked by invasion, oppression and bombardments. Because of its strategic position at the mouth of the Schelde, the most important passageway to Antwerp, it has attracted the interest, at one time or another, of the British, the French, the Germans and the Spanish. Floods have also been a constant threat. Vlissingen declined during the 18th century. The Napoleonic Wars were particularly disastrous. After 1870, the economy revived after the construction of new docks and the Walcheren canal, the arrival of the railway and the establishment of the shipyard called De Schelde. The Second World War interrupted this growth. The city was heavily damaged by shelling and inundation but was captured and liberated by British Commandos of 4th Special Service Brigade on 3 November 1944.

The city was rebuilt after the war. In the 1960s, the seaport and industrial area of Vlissingen-Oost developed and flourished. Now this area is the economic driving force behind central Zeeland, generating many thousands of jobs. Nowadays approx. 50,000 ships annually from all corners of the world pass through the Schelde. Tourists are attracted to Vlissingen not just because of its history and maritime character, but also because nowhere else in the world do large ships pass this close to shore.[6]

Vlissingen's seaside boulevard at the start of the 21st century.

Name

Etymology

The derivation of the name Vlissingen is unclear, though most scholars relate the name to the word fles (bottle) in one way or another.

According to one story, when saint Willibrord landed in Vlissingen with a bottle in the 7th century, he shared its contents with the beggars he found there while trying to convert them. A miracle occurred, familiar to readers of hagiography, when the contents of the bottle did not diminish. When the bishop realised the beggars did not want to listen to his words, he gave them his bottle. After that, he supposedly called the city Flessinghe.

Another source states that the name had its origins in an old ferry-service house, on which a bottle was attached by way of a sign. The monk Jacob van Dreischor, who visited the city in 967, then apparently called the ferry-house het veer aan de Flesse (the ferry at the Bottle). Because many cities in the region later received the appendix -inge, the name, according to this etymology, evolved to Vles-inge.

According to another source, the name was derived from the Danish word Vles, which means tides.

The eastern cape of Novaya Zemlya, Cape Flissingsky was named after the city in 1596 by Willem Barentsz.

Historical English name "Flushing"

Vlissingen was historically called "Flushing" in English. In the 17th century Vlissingen was important enough to be a town that English speakers referred to and that had acquired its own English name. For example, Samuel Pepys referred to the town as "Flushing" in his diaries. In 1673 Sir William Temple referred to Vlissingen as "Flushing" once and "Flussingue" twice in his book about the Netherlands.[7] Some English writers in the Netherlands also used the Dutch name.

Flushing, originally a Dutch colonial village founded in 1645 and now part of Queens, New York City, was first called Vlissingen after the town in the Netherlands. The English settlers who also came to live in the village[8] shortened the name to "Vlissing" by 1657 and then began to call it by its English name "Flushing." The Anglicisation of "Vlissingen" into "Flushing" did not occur after the conquest of New Netherland, but in England well before then. This village was the site of the Flushing Remonstrance.

The village of Flushing in Cornwall was also named after Vlissingen. Originally named Nankersey, the village was given its name by Dutch engineers from Vlissingen in the Netherlands who built the three main quays in the village.

Tourist attractions

Topography

Topographic map of Vlissingen (city), Sept. 2014

Climate

Vlissingen has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) that is milder than the rest of the Netherlands due to its more southern location on the coast.[9] It is approximately 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer annually than Groningen in the northeast. It is also one of the sunniest cities in the Netherlands, receiving approximately 180 more sunshine hours than Maastricht in the southeast.

Climate data for Vlissingen
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.8
(55)		 15.1
(59.2)		 18.6
(65.5)		 26.3
(79.3)		 28.9
(84)		 32.0
(89.6)		 33.3
(91.9)		 33.9
(93)		 29.1
(84.4)		 23.3
(73.9)		 17.0
(62.6)		 14.8
(58.6)		 33.9
(93)
Average high °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8)		 6.2
(43.2)		 9.1
(48.4)		 12.5
(54.5)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.5
(70.7)		 21.6
(70.9)		 18.6
(65.5)		 14.6
(58.3)		 10.1
(50.2)		 6.7
(44.1)		 13.5
(56.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2)		 4.0
(39.2)		 6.4
(43.5)		 9.2
(48.6)		 12.9
(55.2)		 15.6
(60.1)		 18.0
(64.4)		 18.2
(64.8)		 15.8
(60.4)		 12.2
(54)		 8.1
(46.6)		 4.9
(40.8)		 10.8
(51.4)
Average low °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)		 2.0
(35.6)		 4.1
(39.4)		 6.3
(43.3)		 9.9
(49.8)		 12.6
(54.7)		 15.0
(59)		 15.3
(59.5)		 13.2
(55.8)		 9.8
(49.6)		 6.1
(43)		 3.0
(37.4)		 8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F) −12.1
(10.2)		 −11.1
(12)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 0.8
(33.4)		 5.0
(41)		 9.4
(48.9)		 9.8
(49.6)		 6.7
(44.1)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −12.1
(10.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 58.5
(2.303)		 48.0
(1.89)		 51.1
(2.012)		 38.7
(1.524)		 52.6
(2.071)		 63.2
(2.488)		 64.1
(2.524)		 74.9
(2.949)		 69.4
(2.732)		 76.1
(2.996)		 77.1
(3.035)		 69.0
(2.717)		 742.8
(29.244)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 12 9 11 9 10 10 9 10 11 12 13 13 128
Average snowy days 5 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 19
Average relative humidity (%) 87 85 83 78 78 78 78 78 80 83 87 88 81.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 67.8 89.2 134.2 187.2 218.3 215.5 223.2 207.4 152.9 116.5 68.7 52.1 1,733.1
Source #1: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)[10]
Source #2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1971–2000 extremes)[11]

Notable people

A number of Dutch admirals were born in Vlissingen. Among them are Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruijter, Joost and Adriaen Banckert and the three admirals Cornelis Evertsen. See further People from Vlissingen.

Others:

Transport

  • There used to be a ferry service to Sheerness operated by Olau Line. It was terminated in 1994.
St. Jacobskerk

References

  1. ↑ "Burgemeester Letty Demmers-van der Geest" [Mayor Letty Demmers-van der Geest] (in Dutch). Gemeente Vlissingen. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  2. ↑ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  3. ↑ "Postcodetool for 4382MA". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  4. ↑ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  5. ↑ Garrett Mattingly (1959), The Armada, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Ch. V, "Plans of Operations", p. 44.
  6. ↑ www.zeegat.nl/
  7. ↑ Sir William Temple, Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, ed. Sir George Clark (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1672), pp. 40, 48 & 116
  8. ↑ Russell Shorto, The Island at the Centre of the World (Black Swan, 2004) pp. 338-9
  9. ↑ Climate Summary for Vlissingen, Netherlands
  10. ↑ "Klimaattabel Vlissingen, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  11. ↑ "Klimaattabel Vlissingen, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Flushing (Holland).
 Veere Middelburg
Borsele
   Vlissingen  
Western Scheldt
Sluis
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