Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana

Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana
Author Alonso de Molina
Country Mexico
Language Spanish and Nahuatl
Genre Dictionary
Publisher Juan Pablos
Publication date
 1555

Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana is a bilingual dictionary of Spanish and Nahuatl by Alonso de Molina, first published in 1555 originally entitled Aquí comiença un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, edited by Juan Pablos. It was the first dictionary to be published in the New World. However the most relevant and most famous edition was the one made in 1571, edited by Antonio de Spinosa, which then came to be named Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana. This new edition included the Nahuatl-to-Spanish section that the original didn't.

The Franciscan missionaries promoted the writing of literature works to evangelize the Indians in their own language, Nahuatl being language one of the most important considering that it was spoken throughout New Spain. After the Council of Trent, the hierarchy of the Catholic Church recommended to preach in indigenous languages.[1] During Martin Enriquez government, Molina published his vocabularies Spanish-to-Nahuatl and Nahuatl-to-Spanish to help the formation of priests that were to accomplish the evangelizing assignments.[2]

Molina's Vocabulario is considered the most important dictionary of Classical Nahuatl, and has continued to be reprinted into the 20th century.[3] It is typically referred to simply as Molina.

First printed vocabulary of an indigenous language

Aquí comiença un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana

It is believed that the first amerind language to be linguistically studied was the Aztec one, since the first preserved gramatic of an American language is Arte de la lengua mexicana (1547) by Andrés de Olmos; moreover, shortly after in 1555, the first vocabulary of an indigenous language was published: Molina's vocabulary.

This first edition of the dictionary only contained the Spanish-to-Nahuatl section, based on which Molina made the 1571 edition adding the Nahuatl-to-Spanish section.

Formal characteristics

The 1571 Vocabulary de 1571 is divided in two sections, very much like modern bilingual dictionaries, individually foliated: the Spanish-to-Nahuatl section consists of 118 sheets and the Nahuatl-to-Spanish one, of 162 sheets. There are 4 columns on each sheet and each one of them contains approximately 35 entries, thus containing 16500 Spanish-to-Nahuatl entries and 22600 Nahuatl-to-Spanish entries.[4]

The first section is headed by the printing licenses and a letter to New Spain's viceroy, D. Martínez Enríquez.

Both sections are preceded by a foreword in which he justifies the work and where a series of notifications about the peculiarities of the Mexican language appeared.

At the end of the first section there is an attachment, that already appeared in the 1555 edition, where the Franciscan gives grammatical instructions of the numbers in Nahuatl, with equivalences in Spanish.

Editions

There are 7 known editions:

References

  1. ↑ Hernández, Esther. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana de fray Alonso de Molina, edición facsímil y estudio preliminar. Madrid, España: Ediciones de Cultura Hispánica.
  2. ↑ Centro de Estudios de Historia de México Carso (2015). 0 años Centro de Estudios de Historia de México Carso. Fundación Carlos Slim. (first ed.). México: Fundación Carlos Slim. p. 145.
  3. ↑ Andrews, J. Richard (2005). Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. revised edition. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 658.
  4. ↑ Hernández, Esther (1996). Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana de fray Alonso de Molina. Madrid, España: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
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