Vox humana

For other uses, see Vox humana (disambiguation).

Vox humana pipes

The Vox Humana (Latin for "human voice;" also "voz humana" in Spanish, "voix humaine" in French and "voce umana" in Italian, although "voce umana" is also a term for a celeste stop, q.v.) is a short-resonator reed stop on the pipe organ, so named because of its supposed resemblance to the human voice.^[1] As a rule, the stop is used with a tremulant, which undulates the wind supply, causing a vibrato effect. The vox humana is intended to evoke the impression of a singing choir or soloist, though the success of this intent depends as much upon the acoustics of the room in which the organ speaks as it does the voicing of the pipes. It is almost invariably at 8′ pitch, though on theater organs it is not uncommon to encounter a chorus of vox humana stops at 8′ and 4′ pitch, with the addition of a 16′ acting as a pedal stop.

The vox humana is one of the oldest reeds in organ building, based on its appearance in very early instruments. It is common on French classical organs in the 17th and 18th centuries, where it was used as a solo voice. The vox humana also appears on German and Dutch organs of the period, though not as frequently as in France. French organs in the 19th and 20th centuries almost invariably featured a voix humaine in the Récit (the most commonly enclosed division of the French romantic organ), though by this time the literature had evolved and it was used to play rich, harmonic chordal progressions. Many American organs built in the romantic style include a vox humana in order to facilitate the playing of this literature.

Vox humana stops in very old organs had a fairly wide variety of designs and tonal qualities. It was during the nineteenth century that the design became fairly standardized. Today, most builders construct vox humana pipes in approximately the same way, though the scaling will vary between builders and according to the tonal style in which the organ is designed. The actual sound of the pipe is dependent upon the voicer, with an open "O" or a long "E" sound probably being the most common result.

The best construction and installation of a Vox Humana stop on the romantic/symphonic organ - rarely seen due to cost - includes the following two features:

The Vox Humana stop should be enclosed in a wooden box, by itself, WITHIN the Swell box (a "box within a box" arrangement); note that the "inner box" (the one holding just the Vox Humana pipes) may be permanently enclosed or it may have shades/shutters that can be set open or closed by a control on the console. In a neo-Baroque style instrument, the Vox Humana would likely not be enclosed.
The Vox Humana stop should have its own tremulant, separate from and considerably faster than, the swell division's main tremulant.

References

↑ "Vox Humana". Encyclopedia of Organ Stops. Retrieved 9 July 2014.

Pipe organs (list)

Construction	Builders Console Eight-foot pitch Manual Pedals Crescendo pedal Expression pedal Tremulant Tuning Swell box

Pipes	En chamade Flue Scaling Reed Tibia Tibia Clausa

Stops	Bombarde Bourdon Combination action Electro-pneumatic Stop Tracker Tubular-pneumatic Cornet Gedackt List Mixture Ophicleide Plein-jeu Registration Trompette militaire Voix céleste Vox humana Zimbelstern

Barrel Crawl Fairground French German Historical Society Portative Positive Shoes Repertoire Composers Compositions Bach Symphonies Theatre Water

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/20/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.

Vox humana

See also

References