William B. Taylor (historian)

William B. Taylor is a historian of colonial Mexico, who held the Sonne Chair of History at University of California, Berkeley until his retirement. He made major contributions to the study of colonial land tenure, peasant rebellions, and many aspects of colonial religion in Mexico. In 2007 he received the Distinguished Service Award of the Conference on Latin American History, the highest honor of the professional organization of Latin American historians.^[1]

Academic career

Taylor attended Occidental College and earned a B.A. in Latin American Studies in 1965.^[2] He attended Universidad de las Américas 1964-65, earning an M.A. in History. He studied at University of Michigan for his doctorate under the direction of distinguished Latin American historian Charles Gibson. Taylor co-edited a festschrift for his mentor.^[3]

His 1969 doctoral dissertation was revised and published as Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Mexico,^[4] which challenged a number of important aspects of research on colonial Mexican haciendas. Taylor showed that there were considerable regional variations in colonial Mexican land tenure patterns. Using the case study of Oaxaca, he demonstrated that indigenous communities continued to control land and the Catholic Church was not dominant in the agrarian sector. Taylor’s work was one many regional hacienda studies that followed, and one that Eric Van Young singles out in a review article. “Not all regions experienced the same degree of land concentration, of course, as Taylor’s 1972 work on Oaxaca has notably shown.”^[5]

His second major monograph was Drinking, Homicide, and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages, which showed that reports of indigenous drinking were likely exaggerated by colonial officials, homicides were usually within communities, and rebellion at the local level followed discernible patterns. Taylor identified local trial records as a new source of Mexican Indian history, which are important since they record Indians’ testimony on topics not generally found in other colonial sources. One reviewer of this book says that it stands “as evidence of the continued independence of thought of an historian who now ranks among the foremost in his specialty.”^[6]

His magisterial study of the secular clergy, Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico won the Conference on Latin American History Bolton/Johnson Award for the best book in English on Latin American history in 1997.^[7][8] The work is complicates the understanding of the colonial Catholic Church, and makes "a major contribution to the ongoing debate over the significance of the Bourbon reforms...Taylor's monumental work is essential reading for every colonialist and an indispensable foundation for future studies of the church in colonial Latin America."^[9] Historian Nancy Farriss says of it, "Taylor's book will stand for a long time as the work that everyone in the field must consult, refer to, and reckon with."^[10]

Honors and Recognition

• 1998-2005. Muriel McKevitt Sonne Professor of History, University of California, Berkeley
• 1993-1998 Edmund and Louise Kahn Professor of History and Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University
• 1992-1993 Commonwealth Professor of History, University of Virginia
• 2007 Distinguished Service Award, Conference on Latin American History, its highest honor.^[11]
• 1997 Winner, Herbert E. Bolton/John J. Johnson Award, Conference on Latin American History for the best book on Latin American History in English for Magistrates of the Sacred.^[12]
• 1988 winner of Paul Vanderwood Prize, Conference on Latin American History for best article on Latin American history in a journal other than Hispanic American Historical Review or The Americas for his article " “The Virgin of Guadalupe in New Spain: An Inquiry into the Social History of Marian Devotion,” American Ethnologist 14:1 (February 1987).".^[13]
• 1980 Honorable Mention, Herbert E. Bolton/John J. Johnson Award, Conference on Latin American History for the best book on Latin American History in English for Drinking, Homicide, and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages.^[14]
• 1973 Honorable Mention, Herbert E. Bolton/John J. Johnson Award, Conference on Latin American History for the best book on Latin American history in English for Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca.^[15]

Publications

Monographs

• Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996. Spanish edition, joint publication of El Colegio de Michoacán and El Colegio de México, 1999.
• Drinking, Homicide, and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1979. Spanish edition, Fondo de Cultura Económica, Mexico, 1987.
• Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1972. Spanish edition, Instituto Oaxaqueño de las Culturas, Oaxaca, 1998.

Edited volumes

• George Wilkins Kendall’s Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great South-Western Prairies (1841), edited, introduced, and annotated, with Gerald R. Saxon, 2 vols., Dallas: Library of Texas History, 2004.
• Colonial Latin America: A Documentary History, with Kenneth Mills and Sandra Lauderdale-Graham, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Publishers, 2002.
• Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, associate editor, 3 vols., New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
• Colonial Spanish America: A Documentary History, with Kenneth Mills, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Publishers, 1998.
• Violence and Resistance in the Americas: Native Americans and the Legacy of Conquest, co-edited with Franklin Pease G.Y., Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
• Iberian Colonies, New World Societies: Essays in Memory of Charles Gibson, co-edited with Richard L. Garner, State College, PA, 1985, 1986.

Selected articles

• "Between Nativitas and Mexico City: An Eighteenth-Century Pastor’s Local Religion," Martin Nesvig, ed., Local Religion in Colonial Mexico, Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2006, pp. 91–117.
• "Two Shrines of the Cristo Renovado: Religion and Peasant Politics in Late Colonial Mexico," The American Historical Review 110:4 (October 2005), 945-974.
• "Our Lady in the Kernel of Corn, 1774," The Americas 59:4 (April 2003), 559-570.
• "Mexico’s Virgin of Guadalupe in the Seventeenth Century: Hagiography and Beyond," in Allan Greer and Jodi Bilinkoff, eds., Colonial Saints: Discovering the Holy in the Americas, 1500-1800, New York: Routledge, 2003, pp. 277–298.
• "Cristos de Caña," Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, I: 286-287.
• "Mesoamerican Chronology: The Colonial Period (1521-1821)", Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, II: 257-264.
• “Woodrow Borah …, aquí William Taylor,” Historias 45 (enero-abril 2000), pp. 3–6.
• "Santiago’s Horse: Christianity and Colonial Indian Resistance in the Heartland of New Spain," in William B. Taylor and Franklin Pease G.Y., eds., Violence and Resistance in the Americas: Native Americans and the Legacy of Conquest, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993, pp. 153–189.
• "Banditry and Insurrection: Rural Unrest in Central Jalisco, 1790-1816," in Friedrich Katz, ed., Riot, Rebellion, and Revolution in Mexican History, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988,
• "The Virgin of Guadalupe in New Spain: An Inquiry into the Social History of Marian Devotion,” American Ethnologist 14: 1 (February 1987): 9-33. Spanish version published in Trace, no. 22 (Dec. 1992): 72-85.
• "Indian Pueblos of Central Jalisco on the Eve of Independence," in Richard L. Garner and William B. Taylor, eds., Iberian Colonies, New World Societies: Essays in Memory of Charles Gibson, State College, PA 1986, pp. 161–183.
• "Between Global Process and Local Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Social History of Early Latin America, 1500-1900," in Olivier Zunz, ed., Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985, pp. 115–190.
• "Cofradías and Cargos: An Historical Perspective on the Mesoamerican Civil-Religious Hierarchy," American Ethnologist 12:1 (February 1985): 1-26. (Co-authored with John K. Chance)
• "Estate and Class in a Colonial City: Oaxaca in 1792," Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 19 (1977): 454-487. (co-authored with John K. Chance)
• "Colonial Mexico: New Views from the Top," Latin American Research Review 12 (1977): 216-221.
• "Revolution and Tradition in Rural Mexico," Peasant Studies, 5 (1976): 31-37.
• "Town and Country in the Valley of Oaxaca, 1750-1812," in Provinces of Early Mexico: Variants of Spanish American Regional Evolution, Ida Altman and James Lockhart, eds., Los Angeles: University ofCalifornia Press-UCLA Latin American Center, 1976, pp. 63–95.
• "Land and Water Rights in the Viceroyalty of New Spain," New Mexico Historical Review, 50 (1975): 189-212.
• "Landed Society in New Spain: A View from the South," Hispanic American Historical Review, 54 (1974):387-413.
• "Haciendas coloniales en el valle de Oaxaca," Historia Mexicana, 23 (1973): 284-329.
• "Cacicazgos coloniales en el valle de Oaxaca," Historia Mexicana, 20 (1970): 1-40
• "The Foundation of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de los Morenos de Amapa," The Americas, 26 (1970):439-446.

References

1. http://clah.h-net.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/spring_2008_newsletter.pdf
2. http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Taylor_CV.pdf
3. Iberian Colonies, New World Societies: Essays in Memory of Charles Gibson, co-edited with Richard L. Garner, State College, PA, 1985, 1986.
4. William B. Taylor, Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1972.
5. Eric Van Young, “"Mexican Rural History Since Chevalier: The Historiography of the Colonial Hacienda," Latin American Research Review, 18(3)1983; 5-61, esp. p. 28.
6. Peter Bakewell, Review, Social History, vol. 6, No. 2 (may 1981), pp. 243.
7. William B. Taylor, Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 1996
8. http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=174
9. Mark Burkholder, review, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, vol. 53(4)April 1997, 595-6.
10. Nancy Farriss, Review, Magistrates of the Sacred, American Historical Review. Vol. 102, No. 5 (Dec. 1997), p.1593.
11. http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=188
12. http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=174
13. http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=181
14. http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=174
15. http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=174