William Walker (Wyandot leader)

William Walker (1800–1874) was a Wyandot Indian leader and the first provisional governor of Nebraska Territory which also encompassed the present-day state of Kansas.

Background

William Walker (1800–1874), a leader of the Wyandot people and a prominent citizen in early-day Kansas.

Walker was born March 5, 1800 in Wayne County, Michigan.[1] He was the son of William Walker, Sr., a White man who was captured by Delaware Indians in 1777 in Russell County, Virginia. Walker, Sr. was later sold to the Wyandot and grew up among them. William, Sr. married Catherine Rankin, one-fourth Wyandot Indian.[2] The couple had 10 children.

Walker was educated in a Methodist school in Worthington, Ohio and spoke English and French, several Indian languages, and read Latin and Greek. He was described as an eloquent speaker and forceful writer on political and literary subjects. He married Hannah Barrett (d. 7 Dec 1863) on 8 April 1824. She was a student in a Christian mission school at Upper Sandusky, Ohio and probably part Indian. The couple had five children. Walker became a merchant, an interpreter, postmaster at Upper Sandusky, and served as Private Secretary to Lewis Cass the Governor of Michigan Territory. He became head chief of the Wyandot in 1835.[3] After the death of his first wife, Walker married Evelina J. Barrett, a widowed sister-in-law of his first wife, in 1865. She died on 28 Aug 1868.

The Move to Kansas

Despite their adaption to American mores, political pressure increased on the Wyandot in the 1830s to exchange their lands in Ohio for land in what would become the state of Kansas. In 1832, Walker headed a delegation of five Wyandot to explore their proposed new lands. The report of the Wyandot, written by Walker, was highly unfavorable toward the land they saw and the Whites they encountered on the frontier, an “abandoned, dissolute, and wicked class of people,” many of whom were “fugitives from justice.”[4] The murder of a Wyandot chief and his family finally persuaded the Wyandot that the American government would not protect them in Ohio and, in 1843, 664 Wyandot left Ohio by steamboat for their new home in Kansas. Their new lands, purchased from the Delaware, encompassed the present Kansas City, Kansas.[5]

Kansas historian William E. Connelley described the Wyandot. “When the Wyandots came to Kansas no member of the tribe was more than one-fourth Indian. The tribe was Indian; the people three-fourths white. They brought with them their church, their schools, their Masonic lodge, a code of laws for their government. They set up their institutions here. They enforced law.”[6]

Provisional Governor of Nebraska Territory

On July 26, 1853, Walker was elected provisional governor of the territory of Nebraska at a meeting at the Wyandot Council house. The group that elected him were Wyandot, White traders, and outside interests who wished to preempt the federal government’s organization of the territory and to benefit from settlement of Kansas by White settlers. Walker and the others were also promoting Kansas as the route for the proposed transcontinental railroad.[7]

Walker’s election as provisional governor was not accepted by the federal government but it prompted Congress to hasten the official organization of the future Kansas and Nebraska by passing the Kansas–Nebraska Act 1854 which opened the territory to White settlement and allowed settlers to determine if slavery would be allowed in their territories. The Wyandot people were divided on the issue of slavery although some, Walker included, owned slaves.[8] Walker, however, opposed secession. A few Wyandot benefited in the 1850s and 1860s by selling their lands to White settlers, but for most the influx of Whites proved disastrous and they soon moved to Oklahoma and new lands there. Walker, however, remained in Kansas where he died on 13 February 1874. .[9]

Walker’s Legacy

Walker’s political efforts had the objective of preventing the Wyandot from being dispossessed of their lands in Kansas as they had been in Ohio. As a member of the Wyandot elite he believed that the Wyandot could survive and prosper alongside white settlers. He was wrong, although some of the Wyandot, including himself, continued to be respected and important citizens of the territory and state of Kansas.

References

  1. ↑ NEGenWeb project, “The Walker Family, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/resources/OLLibrary/Walker/wlkr011.html, accessed, 30 Aug 2011. Some sources give his birth date as 5 Mar 1799
  2. ↑ “Descendants of James Rankin’’; http://www.kckps.org/disthistory/pdf%20files/wy_walker_garrett.pdf, accessed 30 Aug2011.
  3. ↑ Connelley, William E. The Provisional Government of Nebraska and the Journals of William Walker. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1899, pp. 11–13
  4. ↑ Oliphant, J. Orin, ed. “The Report of the Wyandot Exploring Delegation.’ Kansas Historical Quarterly, Aug 1947, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 248–262
  5. ↑ ”Huron History.” http://www.tolatsga.org/hur.html, accessed 30 Aug 2011
  6. ↑ ”Kansas City, Kansas: Its Place in the History of the State.” Collections of Kansas State Historical Society, Vol. XV (1919–1922, p. 185
  7. ↑ Bowes, John P. Exiles and Pioneers: Eastern Indians in the Trans-Continental West. New York: Cambridge U Press, 2007, p. 183
  8. ↑ Bowes, p.182
  9. ↑ NEGenWeb project, “The Walker Family, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/resources/OLLibrary/Walker/wlkr011.html, accessed, 30 Aug 2011.


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