Yamaha YZ450F

Yamaha YZ450F

Manufacturer	Yamaha Motor Company
Class	Motocross
Engine	Single-cylinder, DOHC, Multivalve, water-cooled, four-stroke

The Yamaha YZ450F is a four-stroke racing motocross bike built by Yamaha Motor Corporation. It was the successor to the previous YZ426F which was discontinued in 2003. It is credited by Cycle World and Dirt Rider magazines as the bike that started the four-stroke dirt bike revolution.^[1][2] It is a replacement for the YZ250, which is slowly being phased out. The 2006 YZ250F and YZ450F were the first production motorcycles equipped with titanium suspension springs.^[3]

The WR450F is the enduro version of the YZ450F.

Introduction

For many years, the motocross world almost exclusively used two-stroke engines. AMA racing classes had two classes: 125 cc and 250 cc two-strokes, with no provision for four strokes. Most riders considered four-stroke engine technology to be largely utilitarian and uncompetitive, relegated solely for trail riding.^[4]

In 1996, the AMA changed racing rules to allow 450 cc four strokes to compete in the same racing class as 250 cc two-strokes.^[5] Yamaha engineer Yoshiharu Nakayama first came up with the idea of creating the first competitive four-stroke race motocross bike.^[6] The Yamaha YZ400F was developed to fit into this category. It solved the power dilemma by borrowing superbike technology and giving the YZ a five-valve head, liquid cooling and a 12.5-1 compression ratio.

In 1997, Yamaha rocked the motocross world with the introduction of the YZ400M prototype, a concept motorcycle which borrowed much technology from road racing. The YZM was far ahead of all competition among four-stroke motocross bikes. Doug Henry piloted the YZ400M to its first victory in 1997 at the Las Vegas Supercross. This was the first time any four-stroke had won an AMA event.^[7] The YZ400M was the predecessor of the production YZ400F, which was released the next year.

First Generation YZ400F

Production	1998-2000
Predecessor	YZ250 2-stroke
Successor	YZ426F
Engine	Five-valve, 400 cc, compression ratio 12.5:1
Transmission	5-speed
Weight	250 lb (110 kg) (dry)

First generation: YZ400F 1998–2000

Yamaha introduced the YZ400F in production in 1998 after a successful AMA season in 1997. It was "the first modern production four-stroke motocrosser that was directly competitive against two-strokes."^[1] Initially, Yamaha targeted a dry weight of 233 pounds (106 kg) (on par with the 250 two-strokes of the time), but by production, the bike weighed 250 pounds. The bike had an 11,600 rpm redline^[8] power and torque close to its 250 cc two-stroke rivals.^[1] It benefited from engine compression braking, which allowed the engine to slow the bike down during deceleration, giving the brakes a rest.^[1] The 1998 YZ400F was the first bike to come stock with a Keihin FCR carburetor.

In 1998, Doug Henry won the AMA National Motocross Championship aboard the YZF, becoming the first rider to win a championship on a four-stroke motorcycle. This victory is considered by some to be the major turning point in the motocross world—for the first time, four strokes were considered a competitive racing machine.^[7]

Second generation YZ426F

Production	2000-2003
Predecessor	YZ400F
Successor	YZ450F
Engine	Titanium five-valve, 426 cc, 95mm x 60.1mm stroke, compression ratio 12.5:1
Transmission	5-speed
Suspension	Kayaba
Brakes	Disks
Wheelbase	58.7 in
Fuel capacity	2.1 gallons (7.95 L)

Second generation: YZ426F 2001–2002

In 2000, Yamaha updated the YZ400F, increasing the displacement to 426 cc for greater power and throttle response. In addition, the carburetor and jets were updated to ease the YZ400F's starting woes.

The next year, in 2001, Yamaha replaced the previous steel valves with titanium ones. The new valves were more than forty percent lighter than the previous valves, allowing for lighter and softer valve springs, in turn allowing a quicker revving engine, improved throttle response, higher rev ceilings, and more power.^[4] The crankshaft was also reshaped and the whole assembly was redesigned for quicker throttle response and, Yamaha claimed, "less high-end horsepower loss." In addition to motor modifications, a few changes were made to the transmission to help contain the power and ensure longevity. The suspension also received a bit of an overhaul with the goal being reduced weight and smoother action throughout the stroke.^[9] Yamaha also designed a new exhaust pipe design so that exhaust header removal would no longer be required when replacing the oil filter. Carburetor tuning was modified to deal with starting and off-idle take off difficulties.

Also in 2001 the subframe was changed from a steel to a blue painted aluminum style. In 2002 the blue painting was stopped and left to a bare aluminum look.^[10] Motorcycle.com says that "The gas tank is reasonably thin and allows good forward and backward movement while providing something nicely shaped to hold onto with your knees. In fact, the entire ergonomic package on this YZF is well thought out. The handlebars have a nice bend to them and are well-placed for good rider control and legroom. The footpegs are well-made units with a wide platform and sit in a position that keeps them from dragging in ruts without cramping a rider's legs."

In 2002 Yamaha remapped the digital CD ignition system which delivers a more precise spark and optimal timing for faster, stronger response during hard acceleration, and less kickback during starting. Also an all-new swingarm which is lighter and stronger for reduced weight, greater rigidity and more compliant rear suspension action. While an anodized finish gives the bike a tricked out look. The 426 also includes a larger pivot shift for increased durability. A larger rear brake disc was also added which means greater stopping power.^[11]

Third Generation YZ450F

Production	2003-2010
Predecessor	YZ426F
Engine	Titanium five-valve, 449 cc, 95.0 x 63.4mm, compression ratio 12.3:1
Transmission	4 or 5-speed
Related	YZ250F, WR450F

Third generation YZ450F 2003–2009

For 2003, the YZF received the biggest update in its history. First, the engine displacement was increased to 449 cc, producing over 52 horsepower, in compliance to the new AMA Motocross maximum displacement rule. Next, the frame and plastic were all updated for a new, sleeker look. Additionally, the YZ's weight was engineered from its original 250 pounds down to 233 pounds. The new YZF also had a gearing change, going from a traditional 5-speed to a 4-speed transmission.^[12] The bike made tremendous power; however, many thought that the bike had too much power for a motocross track.^[13]

The YZ450F received a major update in 2006, with over 300 parts changed and improved. The power was smoothed out, and the bike was made easier to ride, putting to rest the complaint that the YZ had too much power.^[14] The transmission was returned to a more traditional five-speed. An all-new aluminum single backbone frame shaved another 10 pounds off the weight.

Fourth Generation YZ450F

Production	2010-Present
Engine	Rear slant, titanium four-valve, 449 cc, 97.0mm x 60.8mm stroke, compression ratio 12.5:1
Transmission	5-speed
Related	WR450F, YZ450FX

Fourth generation YZ450F 2010-2013

September 8, 2009, Yamaha introduced its all-new YZ450F with fuel injection. The engine cylinder is rearward slanted, the crank rod angle has been changed to provide a more complete combustion, the 5-valve head is now a 4-valve head, the gas tank is located under the seat, the exhaust pipe exits the rear of the cylinder, and the air intake is now in the front of the bike. They have a new bi-lateral frame which allows for new improved steering and the new engine components. The entire package comes together to create a bike that is mass-centralized. The bike was introduced by Yamaha Factory Motocross rider James Stewart.The top speed has been recorded at 80 mph stock.

References

1. Lewis, Jimmy (January 2002), "The Main Event: Honda CRF450R lines up against KTM 520 SX and Yamaha YZ426F", Cycle World, 41 (1), pp. 70 ff (8)
2. Hoffman, Scott (February 2002), "Concept 2003 YZ450F imminent future", Dirt Rider, Primedia Enterprises, pp. 28ff (3), It was less than a year ago that innuendos regarding 'an all-new Yamaha YZ450F' circumnavigated the motocross world. The gossip was far less shocking compared to when Yamaha first unveiled its works YZ400M in '97 and its plans to build a competitive motocross four-stroke, although it still held merit. This was also mixed in with Honda's breaking news of its project four-stroke motocross bike, the CRF45OR. Nevertheless, Yamaha forged its name into the hooks five years ago and its revolutionary machine will forever be remembered as the catalyst that sparked the fire under the smoldering world of four-stroke motocrossers.
3. "Titanium spring improves motocross motorcycles", Advanced Materials & Processes, 164 (7), p. 9, July 2006, For model year 2006, the Yamaha YZ125 and YZ250 two-stroke and the YZ250F and YZ450F four-stroke motocross motorcycles all carry titanium shock springs, marking the first time production motorcycles from any manufacturer have been fitted with titanium suspension springs as original equipment, reports Timet Automotive, Morgantown, Pa. Yamaha claims the new springs offer "outstanding strength and fatigue tolerance" and reduce unsprung weight for improved suspension performance.
4. 2001 Yamaha YZ426F: MD Ride Review
5. MX 2006 Rulebook Final.pdf
6. YZ426F: Miracle Machine? – Motocross News, Race Reports, Videos, Photos, Interviews, How-Tos
7. Motorcycle Hall of Fame: Doug Henry
8. GT Thunder Test Bench
9. "Year 2001 Yamaha YZ426F". Motorcycle.com. 2000-10-27. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
10. Year 2001 Yamaha YZ426F
11. "New Yamaha Dirt Bikes For 2002 : Off-Road.com". Dirtbike.off-road.com. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
12. 2003 Yamaha YZ450F: MD First Ride
13. First Impression: 2004 Yamaha YZ450F – Motocross News, Race Reports, Videos, Photos, Interviews, How-Tos
14. 2006 Yamaha YZ450F - First Ride - MotorcycleUSA.com

External links

• The Long History of Reverse-Cylinder Engine Designs - motocrossactionmag.com