Yantin-'Ammu

Yantin-'Ammu

Relief showing Intin seated in front of Neferhotep I's cartouche. Beirut National Museum.
Reign 18th-century BCE
Predecessor possibly Yakin
Father Yakin

Yantin-'Ammu was a local ruler of the Levantine town Byblos in the Middle Bronze Age, circa 18th-century BCE. He is known from a cuneiform text found in the Syrian city of Mari. The ruler known from this text is perhaps identical with a governor from Byblos who appears in several texts found at Byblos, written in Egyptian hieroglyphs and mentioning the governor of Byblos, Intin (also found written Yantin or Yantinu in literature, likely all hypocorisms of "Yantin-'Ammu", as once suggested by William F. Albright).[1][2]

Intin is depicted on a relief – now exhibited at the Beirut National Museum – while sitting in front of the cartouche of pharaoh Neferhotep I (13th Dynasty of Egypt); this situation suggests that both rulers were contemporary, with Intin being at least formally a vassal of Neferhotep. On the monument it is said that Intin "was begotten by governor Yakin", meaning that he was the son of this earlier governor. It is likely that the latter was the same person mentioned as Yakin-Ilu on a lapis lazuli cylinder seal belonged to one of Neferhotep's predecessors, pharaoh Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy.[2]
Intin is furthermore known from several scarab seals in fully Egyptian style.[3] The cuneiform texts from Mari are mostly datable to the reign of king Zimri-Lim, who was a contemporary of the Babylonian king Hammurabi.

References

  1. ↑ Karin Kopetzky: Some Remarks on the Relations between Egypt and the Levant during the late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period, in: Gianluca Miniaci, Wolfram Grajetzki (editors): The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC), London 2016, ISBN 9781906137489, pp. 144-145
  2. 1 2 K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, pp. 87-88
  3. ↑ Daphna Ben-Tor: Pharaoh in Canaan, The Untold Story, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 2016, ISBN 9789652784544, p. 35
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