13th century BC

Millennium:	2nd millennium BC
Centuries:	14th century BC 13th century BC 12th century BC
Decades:	1290s BC 1280s BC 1270s BC 1260s BC 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC 1200s BC
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

Eastern Hemisphere in 1300 BC.

Chinese ritual bronze wine vessel, Shang Dynasty, 13th century BC, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.

The 13th century BC was the period from 1300 to 1201 BC.

Events

1300 BC: Cemetery H culture comes to an end in the Indus Valley.
1292 BC: End of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, start of the Nineteenth Dynasty.
1282 BC: Pandion II, legendary King of Athens, dies after a nominal reign of 25 years. He reportedly only reigned in Megara while Athens and the rest of Attica were under the control of an alliance of Nobles led by his uncle Metion (son of Erechtheus of Athens) and his sons (including in some accounts Daedalus). His four sons lead a successful military campaign to regain the throne. Aegeus becomes King of Athens, Nisos reigns in Megara, Lykos in Euboea and Pallas in southern Attica.
(May 31), 1279 BC: Ramesses II becomes leader of Ancient Egypt.
1278 BC: Seti I dies, 1 year after his son, Ramesses II is crowned.
1274 BC: The Battle of Kadesh in Syria. Egyptians and Hittites sign the earliest known peace treaty at the end of the Battle of Kadesh.
1269 BC: Ramses II, king of ancient Egypt, and Hattusilis III, king of the Hittites, sign the earliest known peace treaty.
(September 7), 1251 BC: A solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes, Greece.
1250 BC: Wu Ding King of Shang Dynasty to 1192 BC.
1250 BC: The Lion Gate at Mycene is constructed (comparable with Hittite architecture).
c. 1230 BC: Aegeus, legendary King of Athens, receives a false message that his designated heir Theseus, his son by Aethra of Troezena, is dead. Theseus had been sent to his overlord Minos of Crete as an offering to the Minotaur. Medus, Aegeus' only other son (by Medea of Colchis), had been exiled in Asia and would become legendary ancestor to the Medes. Believing himself without heirs the King commits suicide after a reign of 48 years. He is succeeded by Theseus, who actually still lives. The Aegean Sea is reportedly named in his honor.
1210 BC: Pharaoh Merneptah defeats a Libyan invasion.
1213 BC: Theseus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed and succeeded by Menestheus, great-grandson of Erechtheus and second cousin of Theseus' father Aegeus. Menestheus is reportedly assisted by Castor and Polydeuces of Sparta, who want to reclaim their sister Helen from her first husband Theseus. The latter seeks refuge in Skyros, whose King Lycomedes is an old friend and ally. Lycomedes, however, considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds to assassinate him (though other accounts place these events a decade later, in the 1200s BC).
1212 BC: Death of Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses the Great.
1207 BC: Pharaoh Merneptah claims a victory over the people of Israel.
1206 BC: Approximate starting date of Bronze age collapse, a period of migration, unrest and destruction in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East.
1204 BC: Theseus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed after a reign of 30 years and succeeded by Menestheus, great-grandson of Erichthonius II of Athens and second cousin of Theseus' father Aegeus. Menestheus is reportedly assisted by Castor and Polydeuces of Sparta, who want to reclaim their sister Helen from her first husband Theseus. Theseus seeks refuge in Skyros, whose King Lycomedes is an old friend and ally. Lycomedes, however, considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds assassinates him. (Other accounts place these events a decade earlier. See 1210s BC.)
c. 1200 BC: Earliest writing that survived exists in Ancient China.
c. 1200 BC: Chariots appear in Ancient China.
c. 1200 BC: Start of Iron Age in Near East, eastern Mediterranean, and India.
c. 1200 BC: Collapse of Hittite power in Anatolia with the destruction of their capital Hattusa.
c. 1200 BC: Massive migrations of people around the Mediterranean and the Middle-East. See Sea People for more information.
c. 1200 BC: Aramaic nomads and Chaldeans become a big threat to the former Babylonian and Assyrian Empire.
c. 1200 BC: Migration and expansion of Dorian Greeks. Destruction of Mycenaean city Pylos.
c. 1200 BC: The proto-Scythian Srubna (Timber-grave) culture expands from the lower Volga region to cover the whole of the North Pontic area.
c. 1200 BC: The Cimmerians start settling the steppes of southern Russia? (Undocumented conjecture).
c. 1200 BC: Olmec culture starts and thrives in Mesoamerica.
c. 1200 BC: San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán starts to flourish.
c. 1200 BC: Ancient Pueblo Peoples civilization in North America.
c. 1200 BC: Possible battle in the Tollense River Valley of northern Germany.^[1]

Significant persons

Although many human societies were literate in this period, some individual persons mentioned in this article ought to be considered legendary rather than historical.

1251 BC—A lunar eclipse might mark the birth of Hercules
c. 1225 BC—Birth of legendary Helen to King Tyndareus of Sparta and his wife Leda
1212 BC—Death of Ramesses II of Egypt
Merneptah, Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (1212 BC–1202 BC)
Amenmesse, Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (1202 BC–1199 BC)
Pan Geng of Shang dynasty China

Sovereign States

See: List of sovereign states in the 13th century BC.

References

↑ Bowdler, Neil (22 May 2011). "Early Bronze Age battle site found on German river bank". BBC News.

Decades and years

13th century BC
15th century BC←14th century BC← ↔ →12th century BC→11th century BC

1300s BC	1309 BC	1308 BC	1307 BC	1306 BC	1305 BC	1304 BC	1303 BC	1302 BC	1301 BC	1300 BC
1290s BC	1299 BC	1298 BC	1297 BC	1296 BC	1295 BC	1294 BC	1293 BC	1292 BC	1291 BC	1290 BC
1280s BC	1289 BC	1288 BC	1287 BC	1286 BC	1285 BC	1284 BC	1283 BC	1282 BC	1281 BC	1280 BC
1270s BC	1279 BC	1278 BC	1277 BC	1276 BC	1275 BC	1274 BC	1273 BC	1272 BC	1271 BC	1270 BC
1260s BC	1269 BC	1268 BC	1267 BC	1266 BC	1265 BC	1264 BC	1263 BC	1262 BC	1261 BC	1260 BC
1250s BC	1259 BC	1258 BC	1257 BC	1256 BC	1255 BC	1254 BC	1253 BC	1252 BC	1251 BC	1250 BC
1240s BC	1249 BC	1248 BC	1247 BC	1246 BC	1245 BC	1244 BC	1243 BC	1242 BC	1241 BC	1240 BC
1230s BC	1239 BC	1238 BC	1237 BC	1236 BC	1235 BC	1234 BC	1233 BC	1232 BC	1231 BC	1230 BC
1220s BC	1229 BC	1228 BC	1227 BC	1226 BC	1225 BC	1224 BC	1223 BC	1222 BC	1221 BC	1220 BC
1210s BC	1219 BC	1218 BC	1217 BC	1216 BC	1215 BC	1214 BC	1213 BC	1212 BC	1211 BC	1210 BC
1200s BC	1209 BC	1208 BC	1207 BC	1206 BC	1205 BC	1204 BC	1203 BC	1202 BC	1201 BC	1200 BC
1190s BC	1199 BC	1198 BC	1197 BC	1196 BC	1195 BC	1194 BC	1193 BC	1192 BC	1191 BC	1190 BC

Centuries and millennia

Millennium	Century
BC (BCE)
4th	40th	39th	38th	37th	36th	35th	34th	33rd	32nd	31st
3rd	30th	29th	28th	27th	26th	25th	24th	23rd	22nd	21st
2nd	20th	19th	18th	17th	16th	15th	14th	13th	12th	11th
1st	10th	9th	8th	7th	6th	5th	4th	3rd	2nd	1st
AD (CE)
1st	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2nd	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
3rd	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th

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