1639

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century · 17th century · 18th century
Decades:	1600s · 1610s · 1620s · 1630s · 1640s · 1650s · 1660s
Years:	1636 · 1637 · 1638 · 1639 · 1640 · 1641 · 1642

1639 by topic:

Arts and Science

Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors - State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1639 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1639 MDCXXXIX
Ab urbe condita	2392
Armenian calendar	1088 ԹՎ ՌՁԸ
Assyrian calendar	6389
Bengali calendar	1046
Berber calendar	2589
English Regnal year	14 Cha. 1 – 15 Cha. 1
Buddhist calendar	2183
Burmese calendar	1001
Byzantine calendar	7147–7148
Chinese calendar	戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 4335 or 4275     — to — 己卯年 (Earth Rabbit) 4336 or 4276
Coptic calendar	1355–1356
Discordian calendar	2805
Ethiopian calendar	1631–1632
Hebrew calendar	5399–5400
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1695–1696
- Shaka Samvat	1560–1561
- Kali Yuga	4739–4740
Holocene calendar	11639
Igbo calendar	639–640
Iranian calendar	1017–1018
Islamic calendar	1048–1049
Japanese calendar	Kan'ei 16 (寛永１６年)
Javanese calendar	1560–1561
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3972
Minguo calendar	273 before ROC 民前273年
Nanakshahi calendar	171
Thai solar calendar	2181–2182

1639 (MDCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Julian calendar, the 1639th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 639th year of the 2nd millennium, the 39th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1639, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 14 – Connecticut's first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted.
• c. January – The first printing press in British North America is started in Cambridge, Massachusetts by Stephen Daye.
• March 3 – The early settlement of Taunton, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.
• March 13 – Harvard University is named for clergyman John Harvard.
• April 14 – Swedish forces under Johan Banér inflict a crushing defeat on the Imperial army at the Battle of Chemnitz. This prolongs the Thirty Years' War and allows the Swedes to occupy Pirna and advance into Bohemia.
• May – The first of the Bishops' Wars breaks out between Charles I and Scotland. Charles arrives with his army at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
• June – The first battle of the Bishops' Wars is fought by Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose, when they lead a Covenanter army of 9,000 men past Muchalls Castle over the Causey Mounth to fight at the Bridge of Dee.
• June 18 – The Treaty of Berwick is signed by Charles I and the Scots.

July–December

• August 22 – The British East India Company buys a strip of land from the King of the Vijayanagara Empire, Peda Venkata Raya, for the construction of Fort St. George, the first settlement of British India, so founding modern-day Chennai, capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (celebrated as Madras Day).^[1]
• October 31 – Naval Battle of the Downs: A Republic of the United Provinces fleet decisively defeats a Spanish fleet in English waters.
• December 4 (November 24 O.S.) – Jeremiah Horrocks observes the transit of Venus.

Date unknown

• The Casiquiare canal, a river forming a natural canal between the Amazon River and Orinoco River basins, is first encountered by Europeans.
• The Barbados House of Assembly meets for the first time.
• Russian Cossacks advance over the Urals to the Pacific, to Okhotsk.
• Montreal is first settled.
• Sakoku starts in Japan (approximate date).
  • Dejima became the only official port of trade allowed for Europeans, with the multi-national United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) as the only European party officially allowed. Trading parties from China, India, and so on are still officially allowed; though the United East Indies Company would usually become the broker for those parties.
  • Japanese wives and children of Dutch and British people from Hirado are sent to Batavia (later on renamed as Jakarta by the Japanese around three centuries later) on Dutch ships, the Asian headquarters of the United East Indies Company.^[2]
• Jules Mazarin enters the service of Richelieu.
• Treaty of Zuhab between Ottoman (Turkish) Empire and Safavid Persia. Modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran border lines.

Births

Consort Donggo born 1 January

Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse born 3 January

Martin Lister born 12 April

Giovanni Battista Gaulli born 8 May

Increase Mather born 21 June

June–August

• June 6 – Dirck Ferreris, Dutch painter (d. 1693)

January–March

• January 1
  • Consort Donggo, Chinese empress (d. 1660)
  • Jacob Knijff, Dutch painter (d. 1681)
  • Samuel Peterson, American city founder (d. 1689)
  • Sir Thomas Spencer, 3rd Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1685)
• January 3 – Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse, French Huguenot noblewoman, grandmother of George II of Great Britain, great-grandmother of Frederick the Great (d. 1722)
• January 5 – Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck, Swedish military officer (d. 1688)
• January 16 – John Proby, English politician (d. 1710)
• January 17 – Sir Francis Lee, 4th Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1667)
• January 19
  • Noël Alexandre, French theologian and ecclesiastical historian (d. 1724)
  • Gover Le Buen, Dutch revolutionary fighter (d. 1712)
• January 20 – Hungerford Dunch, English politician (d. 1680)
• January 31 – Duke Bernhard of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, German-Danish General (d. 1676)
• February 4 – Alessandro Melani, Italian composer (d. 1703)
• February 6 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (d. 1691)
• February 12 – Juan García de Salazar, Spanish baroque composer (d. 1710)
• February 17 – Claude Estiennot de la Serre, French historian (d. 1699)
• February 27 – Adriaen van Bloemen, Flemish painter, printmaker, draughtsman and engraver (d. 1697)
• March 7 – Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, English nobleman (d. 1672)
• March 20 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (d. 1709)
• March 30 – Elanor Allerton, English-born American colonist (d. 1674)

April–June

• April 3 – Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (k. 1682)
• April 12 – Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (d. 1712)
• April 13 – Joan Leonardsz Blasius, Dutch writer (d. 1672)
• April 16 – Alessandro Baratta, Italian painter, engraver (d. 1714)
• April 24 – Johann Benedict Carpzov II, German theologian (d. 1699)
• April 29 – François Nepveu, French Jesuit writer on ascetical subjects (d. 1708)
• May 8 – Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (d. 1709)
• May 10 – Peleg Sanford, Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1701)
• May 19 – Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland, English nobleman (d. 1665)
• May 27 – Laura Martinozzi, Duchess consort of Modena (d. 1687)
• June 21 – Increase Mather, American minister (d. 1723)

July–September

• July 8 – John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery, English politician and Irish nobleman (d. 1713)
• July 15 – Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, Irish soldier (d. 1686)
• August 18 – William Lowther, English landowner and politician (d. 1705)
• August 28 – Marie Mancini, Italian courtier, third of the five Mancini sisters (d. 1715)
• August 30 – Cornelia van der Veer, Dutch poet (d. 1704)
• September 7 – David Martin, French theologian (d. 1721)
• September 8 – William Trumbull, English diplomat and politician (d. 1716)
• September 17 – Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (d. 1725)
• September 21 – Robbert Duval, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1732)
• September 29
  • William Russell, Lord Russell, English politician (d. 1683)
  • Sir John Seton, 1st Baronet, Nova Scotian Baronet (d. 1686)

October–December

• October 14 – Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (d. 1712)
• October 17 – Charles-Claude Genest, French dramatist and playwright (d. 1719)
• November 17 – Eleazer Kimberly, Secretary of the State of Connecticut (d. 1709)
• November 21 – Fortunatus Hueber, German Franciscan historian and theologian (d. 1706)
• December 3 – Isidoro de Atondo y Antillon, Spanish admiral (d. 1689)
• December 18 – Gottfried Kirch, German astronomer and the first 'Astronomer Royal' in Berlin and (d. 1710)
• December 22 – Jean Racine, French dramatist (d. 1699)
• December 28 – Dirk van Bleiswijk, Delft politician and writer (d. 1681)
• December 29 – Muhammad Sultan, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1676)
• date unknown
  • Yair Bacharach, German rabbi (d. 1702)
  • Consort Donggo, concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty (d. 1660)
  • Caspar Netscher, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
  • Samuel Peterson, early Swedish settler of New Sweden, founder of modern-day Wilmington (d. 1689)

Deaths

• January – Shackerley Marmion, English dramatist (b. 1603)
• January 20 – Mustafa I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1592)
• January 23 – Francisco Maldonado da Silva, Peruvian Jewish poet (b. 1592)
• January 24 – Georg Jenatsch, Swiss politician (b. 1596)
• May 21 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (b. 1568)
• June 1 – Melchior Franck, German composer (b. c. 1579)
• July 18 – Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
• August 4 – Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Mexican dramatist (b. c. 1571)
• August 20 – Martin Opitz von Boberfeld, German poet (b. 1597)
• September 20 – Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1579)
• October 28 – Stefano Landi, Italian composer (b. 1587)
• November 7 – Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, English politician (b. c. 1560)
• November 26 – John Spottiswoode, Scottish historian (b. 1565)
• John Ford (dramatist) (b. 1586)

References

1. Roberts, J. (1994). History of the World. Penguin.
2. "平戸観光協会｜History". Retrieved July 10, 2014.