1915 in poetry

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John McCrae, about 1914

Drawing by Simon Fieldhouse

In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved, and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow

In Flanders fields.

— John McCrae, In Flanders Fields

And I have known the eyes already, known them all—
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,
And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?

And how should I presume?

— T.S. Eliot, from The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Events

• April 6 – Publication in London of the American Ezra Pound's poetry collection Cathay, "translations... for the most part of the Chinese of Rihaku, from the notes of the late Ernest Fenollosa, and the decipherings of the Professors Mori and Ariga", by Elkin Mathews.^[1]
• April 24 – Deportation of Armenian notables from Istanbul begins. Among deported poets killed as part of the Armenian Genocide are Ardashes Harutiunian, Jacques Sayabalian, Ruben Sevak and Siamanto.
• c. May – Publication of the first modern book illustrated with wood engravings, Frances Cornford's Spring Morning (published by The Poetry Bookshop, London) with engravings by the poet's cousin Gwen Raverat.^[2]
• July – Others: A Magazine of the New Verse is founded by Alfred Kreymborg; it will run until 1917, publishing poetry, other writing and visual art.
• August–December – Ezra Pound is completing the first sections of his poem The Cantos.^[3]

Poets and World War I

see also "Deaths in World War I" in the "Deaths" section, below

• May 13 – While Julian Grenfell stands talking with other officers, a shell lands a few yards away and a splinter hits him in the head. He is taken to a hospital in Boulogne, where he dies 13 days later. His poem "Into Battle" is published in The Times the day after his death.^[4] His younger brother Gerald William (Billy) Grenfell is killed in action 2 months later^[5]
• September 11 – Publication of Lucy Whitmell's poem "Christ in Flanders" in The Spectator.
• Blaise Cendrars, pen name of Frédéric Louis Sauser, a Swiss novelist and poet naturalized as a French citizen in 1916, loses his right arm during his service in World War I^[6]

Works published in English

Australia

• C. J. Dennis, long poem The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke, after serialization in The Bulletin since 1909, Australia
• Henry Lawson, My Army, o my Army! and other Songs, Australia^[7]
• Shaw Neilson, Old Granny Sullivan, Sydney, Bookfellow, Australia

Canada

• Arthur Stanley Bourinot, Laurentian Lyrics and Other Poems^[8]
• John McCrae, "In Flanders Fields", a war memorial poem, is written on May 3 after McCrae's friend and former student, Lt. Alexis Helmer, was killed in battle (McCrae himself would not survive the war); later in the year the poem is published in Punch (Canadian poet published in the United Kingdom; see text of poem, above)
• Robert W. Norwood, His Lady of the Sonnets^[8]
• Duncan Campbell Scott, Lines in Memory of Edmund Morris^[8]
• Frederick George Scott, The Gates of Time, and Other Poems (London: Samuel Bagster & Sons.^[9]

United Kingdom

From My Boy Jack
by Rudyard Kipling

“Has any one else had word of him?”
Not this tide.
For what is sunk will hardly swim,
Not with this wind blowing, and this tide.

“Oh, dear, what comfort can I find?”
None this tide,
Nor any tide,
Except he did not shame his kind —
Not even with that wind blowing, and that tide.

• Richard Aldington, Images 1910-15^[10]
• Rupert Brooke, 1914 & Other Poems^[10]
• G. K. Chesterton, Poems^[10]
• Frances Cornford, Spring Morning
• John Drinkwater, Swords and Ploughshares^[10]
• T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock published in Poetry magazine in Chicago (June), then, later this year, in a book in the United Kingdom
• F. S. Flint, Cadences^[10]
• Wilfrid Gibson, Battle^[10]
• Thomas Hardy, "The Convergence of the Twain, lines on the loss of the Titanic"
• Ford Madox Hueffer, Antwerp
• Violet Jacob, Songs of Angus, Scottish poet
• Rudyard Kipling
  • The Fringes of the Fleet, essays and poems
  • "My Boy Jack", written after his beloved son, John (called Jack) goes missing in the Battle of Loos during World War I; years later, Jack's death is confirmed to Kipling and his family; a play and film with the same title are later created, based on the Kipling family's loss
• Ronald Knox, Absolute and Abitofhell, first published in Oxford Magazine (November 28, 1912); satirical verse on Foundations, 1912^[10]
• Richard Le Gallienne, The Silk-Hat Soldier, and Other Poems^[10]
• Francis Ledwidge, Songs of the Fields, Irish author published in the United Kingdom

Ezra Pound's Cathay, published this year

• John McCrae, "In Flanders Fields", a war memorial poem, is written on May 3 after McCrae's friend and former student, Lt. Alexis Helmer, was killed in battle (McCrae himself would not survive the war); later in the year the poem is published in Punch (Canadian poet published in the United Kingdom)
• James Pittendrigh Macgillivray, Pro Patria, Scottish poet
• Alice Meynell, Poems of the War^[10]
• Jessie Pope, Jessie Pope's War Poems and More War Poems
• Ezra Pound, Cathay, American poet published in the United Kingdom
• Hardwicke Rawnsley, The European War 1914-1915: Poems
• Herbert Read, Songs of Chaos^[10]
• George William Russell, ("Æ"):
  • Gods of War, with Other Poems^[10]
  • Imaginations and Reveries^[10]
• Edith Sitwell, The Mother and Other Poems
• James Stephens, Irish author published in the United Kingdom:
  • The Adventures of Seumas Beg: The Rocky Road to Dublin^[10]
  • Songs from the Clay^[10]
• J. R. R. Tolkien, "Goblin Feet", published in Oxford Poetry
• Katharine Tynan, Flower of Youth: poems in war time
• Anna Wickham, The Contemplative Quarry

Anthologies

• H. B. Elliott, ed., Lest We Forget: A War Anthology
• Poems of Today
• Ezra Pound, ed., Catholic Anthology, London
• War Poems from The Times, August 1914-1915

Some Imagist Poets anthology

Contents to Some Imagist Poets anthology, the first of three books with the same title published in the next two years (includes English and American poets):

• Richard Aldington: "Childhood", "The Poplar", "Round-Pond", "Daisy", "Epigrams", "The Faun sees Snow for the First Time", "Lemures"
• H.D. (Hilda Doolittle): "The Pool", "The Garden", "Sea Lily", "Sea Iris", "Sea Rose", "Oread", "Orion Dead"
• John Gould Fletcher: "The Blue Symphony", "London Excursion"
• F. S. Flint: "Trees", "Lunch", "Malady", "Accident", "Fragment", "Houses", "Eau-Forte"
• D. H. Lawrence: "Ballad of Another Ophelia", "Illicit", "Fireflies in the Corn", "A Woman and Her Dead Husband", "The Mowers", "Scent of Irises", "Green"
• Amy Lowell: "Venus Transiens", "The Travelling Bear", "The Letter", "Grotesque", "Bullion", "Solitaire", "The Bombardment"

United States

See also "Some Imagist Poets" subsection, above

• Djuna Barnes, The Book of Repulsive Women, her first book of poems, which she described as a collection of "rhythms and drawings"
• Stephen Vincent Benet, Five Men and Pompey^[11]
• Adelaide Crapsey, Verse,^[11] featuring her invention of the quintain, a five-line form
• T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock first published in Poetry magazine
• John Gould Fletcher, Irradiations: Sand and Spray^[11]
• Ring Lardner, Bib Ballads^[11]
• Archibald MacLeish, Songs for a Summer's Day^[11]
• Edgar Lee Masters, Spoon River Anthology^[11]
• John G. Neihardt, The Song of Hugh Glass^[11]
• Ezra Pound:
  • Cathay,^[11] American poet published in the United Kingdom
  • Editor, Catholic Anthology, London
• Sara Teasdale, Rivers to the Sea^[11]

Other in English

• Roby Datta, Indian poet writing in English:
  • Poems: Pictures and Songs to which is prefixed "The Philosophy of Art" Calcutta: Das Gupta and Co.^[12]
  • Stories in blank verse to which is added an epic fragment, Calcutta: Das Gupta & Co.^[12]
• Francis Ledwidge, Songs of the Fields, Irish author published in the United Kingdom
• James Stephens, Irish author published in the United Kingdom:
  • The Adventures of Seumas Beg; The Rocky Road to Dublin^[10]
  • Sogns from the Clay^[10]

Works published in other languages

France

• Guillaume Apollinaire, pen name of Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky, Case d'armons^[13]
• Paul Claudel, Corona benignitatis anni dei^[14]
• Oscar Vladislas de Lubicz-Milosz, also known as O. V. de L. Milosz, Poèmes^[6]
• Pierre Reverdy, Poèmes en prose^[6]

Other languages

• Walter Flex, Sonne und Schilde, German
• Yvan Goll, Élegies internationales: Pamphlets contre la guerre, German poet in Switzerland writing in French
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Asrar-i-Khudi (Urdu: اسرار خودی) or The Secrets of the Self his first philosophical book of poetry, published in Persian
• Vasily Kamensky, Stenka Razin (Стенька Разин), Russian
• Wilhelm Klemm, Gloria: Kriegsgedichte aus dem Felde, German
• Vladimir Mayakovsky, A Cloud in Trousers (Oblako v shtanakh), Russian
• Narasinghrao, Smaranasamhita, an elegy to his son, Indian, writing in Gujarati^[15]
• Barbu Nemțeanu, Stropi de soare, Romanian
• Georg Trakl, Sebastian im Traum ("Sebastian in the Dream"); Austrian poet published in Germany

Awards and honors

Cover of a 1915 wartime number of the Vorticist literary magazine BLAST

• Nobel Prize for Literature: Romain Rolland (French)

Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• January 12 – Margaret Danner (died 1984), African-American
• January 15 – Chaganti Somayajulu (died 1994), Indian, Tegulu-language short-story writer and poet
• January 31 – Thomas Merton (died 1968), American poet, author and monk
• March 12 – José Luis Rodríguez Vélez (died 1984), Panamanian composer, orchestra director, saxophonist, clarinetist and guitarist
• April 21 – John Manifold (died 1985), Australian
• April 22 – Hem Barua (died 1977), Indian, Assamese-language poet and politician
• May 28 – Dorothy Auchterlonie (died 1991), Australian
• May 30 – Michael Thwaites (died 2005), Australian poet, academic, intelligence officer and activist
• May 31 – Judith Wright (died 2000), Australian
• June 8
  • Kayyar Kinhanna Rai (died 2015), Indian
  • Ruth Stone (died 2011), American poet, recipient of 2002 National Book Award and 2002 Wallace Stevens Award
• July 1 – Alun Lewis (killed 1944 on active service), Welsh war poet
• July 7 – Margaret Walker (died 1998), African-American poet and novelist
• July 16 – David Campbell (died 1979), Australian^[16]
• August – Bawa Balwant (died 1973), Indian, Punjabi poet^[17]
• August 4 – Patrick Anderson (died 1979), English-born Canadian
• August 28 – Claude Roy, pen name of Claude Orland (died 1997), French poet, novelist, essayist, art critic and journalist; an activist in the Communist Party until his expulsion in 1956^[6]
• November 3 – Eric Roach (suicide 1974), Caribbean poet from Tobago^[18]
• November 8 – George Sutherland Fraser (died 1980), Scottish-born poet and critic
• December 8 – Nikos Gatsos (died 1992), Greek
• December 22 – David Martin (died 1997), Australian
• December 27 – John Cornford (killed 1936 in Spanish Civil War), English
• December 31 – Sam Ragan (died 1996), American poet and journalist, North Carolina Poet Laureate, 1982–1996
• Also:
  • Nanina Alba (died 1968), African-American
  • Akhtarul Imam, Indian, Urdu-language poet in the "Halqa-i-Arba-i Zauq" movement^[17]
  • K. S. Narasimha Swami, better known as "K.S. NA", Indian, Kannada-language poet^[17]
  • Manmohan, pen name of Gopal Narhar Natu, Indian, Marathi-language poet^[17]
  • Nand Lal Ambardar (died 1973), Indian, Kashmiri-language poet^[17]
  • Palagummi Padmaraju (died 1983), short-story writer, poet, film-industry writer^[17]
  • Prabhu Chugani, "Wafa", Indian, Sindhi-language poet^[17]
  • Rameshvar Shukla, pen name: Anchal, wrote in Khadi Boli and Braj Bhasa dialects of Hindi, poet, short-story writer and novelist^[17]
  • Sumitra Kumari Sinha, Indian, Hindi-language poet and short-story writer^[17]

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• January 3 – James Elroy Flecker (born 1884), English poet, novelist and dramatist, from tuberculosis in Switzerland
• February 8 – Takashi Nagatsuka 長塚 節 (born 1879), Japanese poet and novelist
• December 1 – Stuart Merrill (born 1863), American Symbolist poet writing in French, from heart disease
• Also
  • Hortensia Antommarchi (born 1850), Colombian poet
  • Edmond Laforest (born 1876), Haitian French language poet, suicide
  • V. C. Balakrishna Panikker (born 1889), Indian, Malayalam-language poet^[19]

Killed in World War I

see also "Poets and World War I" in the "Events" section and Rudyard Kipling poem "My Boy Jack", above

Grave of Rupert Brooke on Skyros Island, Greece

• April 23
  • Rupert Brooke, English poet and writer, 27, died of septic pneumonia from an infected mosquito bite while sailing with the British Mediterranean Expeditionary Force off the island of Lemnos in the Aegean on its way to Gallipoli
  • Robert W. Sterling, Scottish poet, 21, killed in action
• May 8 – Walter Lyon, Scottish war poet, 28, missing in action
• May 26 – Julian Grenfell, English war poet, 27, killed at Ypres
• July 30 – Gerald William Grenfell, English war poet, 25, killed in action
• September 1 – August Stramm, German poet and playwright, 41, killed in action on the Eastern Front
• October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet, 20, shot in the head by a sniper, at the Battle of Loos in France
• December 23 – Roland Leighton, English war poet, 20, died of wounds in Casualty Clearing Station at Louvencourt, having been shot through the stomach by a sniper at Hébuterne

See also

• List of years in poetry
• Dada
• Imagism
• Modernist poetry in English
• Silver Age of Russian Poetry
• Ego-Futurism movement in Russian poetry
• Expressionism movement in German poetry
• Young Poland (Polish: Młoda Polska) modernist period in Polish arts and literature
• Poetry

Notes

1. Moody, David A. (2007). Ezra Pound, Poet: A Portrait of the Man and His Work, Volume I, The Young Genius 1885–1920. Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-19-957146-8.
2. Balston, Thomas (1949). Wood-engraving in Modern English Books. London: National Book League.
3. "BK. Ezra Pound and the Invention of Japan". Japonisme, Orientalism, Mysticism. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
4. Mosley, Nicholas (1976). Julian Grenfell: His Life and the Times of his Death 1888–1915. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0297770934.
5. "Second Lieutenant Gerald William Grenfell". Find a Grave. 2005-10-15. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
6. Auster, Paul, ed. (1982). The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-52197-8.
7. "Lawson, Henry (1867 - 1922)", article, Australian Dictionary of Biography Online Edition, retrieved May 13, 2009. Archived 2009-05-16.
8. Garvin, John William, ed. (1916). Canadian Poets. McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
9. "Frederick George Scott," Canadian Poetry, UWO, Web, April 19, 12011.
10. Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
11. Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." — from the Preface, p vi)
12. Naik, M. K., Perspectives on Indian poetry in English, p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984, ISBN 0-391-03286-0, ISBN 978-0-391-03286-6), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009
13. Web page titled "Guillaume Apollinaire (1880 - 1918)" at the Poetry Foundation website, retrieved August 9, 2009
14. Web page titled "De la Corona aux Visages radieux", Société Paul Claudel website, retrieved July 4, 2010
15. Mohan, Sarala Jag, Chapter 4: "Twentieth-Century Gujarati Literature" (Google books link), in Natarajan, Nalini; Nelson, Emanuel Sampath (ed.), Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN 978-0-313-28778-7, retrieved December 10, 2008.
16. "Australian Poetry Resources". Australian Poetry Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-04-07. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
17. Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008
18. "Eric Merton Roach". Peepal Tree Press. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
19. Paniker, Ayyappa, "Modern Malayalam Literature" chapter in George, K. M., editor, Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology, pp 231–255, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, retrieved January 10, 2009.