1969 Birthday Honours

The 1969 Queen's Birthday Honours were appointments to orders and decorations of the Commonwealth realms to reward and highlight citizens' good works, on the occasion of the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 6 June 1969.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}

At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.^[2]

Recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honours.

United Kingdom

Life peer

Baron

• Sidney Lewis Bernstein, Chairman, Granada Group Ltd.
• Sir Paul Henry Gore-Booth, G.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., lately Head of H.M. Diplomatic Service.
• Sir Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, C.H., K.C.B. For services to the Arts.
• Sir Robert Lowe Hall, K.C.M.G., C.B., formerly Principal, Hertford College, University of Oxford. Economic Adviser to H.M. Government, November 1953-May 1961. Advisory Director to Unilever and Adviser to Tube Investments.

Privy Counsellor

• James Hutchison Hoy, D.L., M.P. Member of Parliament for Leith 1945-1950 and for the Leith Division of Edinburgh since 1950. Joint Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food since October, 1964.
• Sydney Irving, M.P. Member of Parliament for the Dartford Division of Kent since 1955. Treasurer of H.M. Household, October 1964-March 1966. Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means, April 1966-October 1968. Chairman of Ways and Means since October 1968.
• Harold Lever, M.P. Member of Parliament for the Exchange Division of Manchester 1945-1950, and for the Cheetham Division of Manchester since 1950. Joint Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Department of Economic Affairs, January 1967-August 1967. Financial Secretary, H.M. Treasury since August 1967.

Knight Bachelor

• John Betjeman, C.B.E., Poet and Author.
• Alfred Davies Devonsher Broughton, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., M.P. Member of the Speaker's Panel of Chairmen. For services to Parliament.
• Raymond Frederick Brown, O.B.E. For services to the Ministry of Defence and to Export.
• Arthur Desmond Bonham-Carter, T.D. For services to the National Health Service.
• Ernst Boris Chain, Professor of Biochemistry, University of London.
• Oliver Sidney Chesterton, M.C. Lately President, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.
• Leonard Crossland. Chairman, Ford Motor Company Ltd. For services to Export.
• Roger Salis Falk, O.B.E. For services to industrial management.
• Wing Commander Robert Grant Grant-Ferris, M.P. Member of the Speaker's Panel of Chairmen. For services to Parliament.
• Professor Brian Hilton Flowers, Chairman, Science Research Council.
• Professor Robert Grieve. Chairman, Highlands and Islands Development Board.
• Richard Arthur Hayward, C.B.E. Chairman, Supplementary Benefits Commission.
• John McGregor Hill. Chairman, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
• Maurice Andrew Holmes, Chairman, London Transport Board.
• Alec Arnold Constantine Issigonis, C.B.E., Technical Director, British Leyland Motor Corporation Limited.
• Charles Robert Keene, C.B.E., J.P., Alderman, Leicester County Borough.
• Kenneth Alexander Keith. For services to economic and regional affairs.
• Robert Frith Lusty, Managing Director, Hutchinson Publishing Group Ltd.
• Robin McAlpine, C.B.E. For services to Civil Engineering.
• Hector McNeil, C.B.E., Chairman, Export Council for Europe. For services to Export.
• Bernard Miles, C.B.E., Founder and Artistic Director, Mermaid Theatre.
• John Francis Compton Miller, M.B.E., T.D., Senior Registrar, Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division.
• Peter Mursell, M.B.E., D.L. For services to Local Government.
• Frederick Johnson Pedler, Chairman, Council for Technical Education and Training for Overseas Countries.
• Professor Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner, C.B.E. For services to the history of Art.
• Alan James Richmond, Principal, Lanchester College of Technology, Coventry.
• Gerard Ryder, C.B., Solicitor, Board of Trade.
• Julian Salmon, C.B.E. For services to the catering industry.
• Henry Edmund Sargant, President, The Law Society.
• David Waldron Smithers, M.D., F.R.C.P., Professor of Radiotherapy, University of London.
• James Sharp Tait, Vice-Chancellor and Principal, The City University.
• Arthur George Weidenfeld, Chairman, Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd.
• Robert Francis Martin Wilkinson, Chairman, The Stock Exchange.
• John Spencer Wills. For services to Industry and the Arts.

• Bruce Greatbatch, C.M.G., C.V.O., M.B.E., Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Seychelles.
• Clifford James Hammett, Chief Justice, Fiji.
• Philip Ernest Housden Pike, Q.C., lately Chief Justice, Borneo, Malaysia.

Australian States

State of New South Wales

• Brian Hurtle Crowley, M.M. For services to sport.
• Harold Grant Ferrier, C.M.G. For services to industry.
• Harold Stanley Wyndham, C.B.E. For services to education.

State of Victoria

• Albert Victor Jennings, of Mount Eliza. For services to the community.

State of Queensland

• Clarence Askew Byrne, O.B.E., D.S.C., of Caloundra. For services to the development of natural resources, particularly to mining.

State of South Australia

• Louis King, C.M.G., C.V.O., lately Under Secretary, Secretary to Minister of Health, and Clerk of the Executive Council.

State of Western Australia

• Henry Frank Cooke. For services to the pastoral industry and to the community.

State of Tasmania

• The Honourable Malcolm Peter Crisp, Senior Puisne Judge, Supreme Court of Tasmania.

Order of the Bath

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB)

• General Sir Charles Harington, K.C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O., M.C., late Infantry, Colonel Commandant The Prince of Wales's Division, Colonel Commandant Small Arms School Corps.
• Sir Ludovic James Dunnett, K.C.B., C.M.G., Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence.

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB)

• Vice-Admiral Ian Lachlan Mackay McGeoch, C.B., D.S.O., D.S.C.
• Vice-Admiral William Donough O'Brien, C.B., D.S.C.
• Vice-Admiral Michael Patrick Pollock, C.B., M.V.O., D.S.C.
• Lieutenant-General Cecil Hugh Blacker, C.B, O.B.E., M.C., late Royal Armoured Corps.
• Lieutenant-General John Noel Thomas, C.B., D.S.O., M.C., late Corps of Royal Engineers, Colonel Commandant Corps of Royal Engineers, Colonel Commandant Royal Pioneer Corps, Honorary Colonel Liverpool University O.T.C.
• Air Marshal Denis Graham Smallwood, C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O., D.F.C., Royal Air Force.
• Cyril Maxwell Palmer Brown, C.B., C.M.G., Second Permanent Secretary, Board of Trade.
• Samuel Goldman, C.B., Second Secretary, H.M. Treasury.

Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)

Military Division

• Rear-Admiral David Arthur Dunbar-Nasmith, D.S.C.
• Rear-Admiral Frank Douglas Holford, D.S.C.
• Rear-Admiral Philip Holden Crothers Illingworth.
• Rear-Admiral Michael Donald Kyrle-Pope, M.B.E.
• Rear-Admiral William Bryan Scott Milln.
• Rear-Admiral Gambier John Byng Noel.
• Rear-Admiral John Charles Young Roxburgh, C.B.E., D.S.O., D.S.C.
• Major-General Edwin Frederick Foxton, O.B.E., late Royal Army Educational Corps.
• Major-General Allan McGill, C.B.E., late Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
• Major-General Robert Bernard Penfold, M.V.O., late Royal Regiment of Artillery.
• Major-General Charles Herbert Stainforth, O.B.E., late Royal Army Service Corps.
• Major-General Gerald Abson Whiteley, O.B.E., Army Legal Services.
• Major-General Reginald Henry Whitworth, C.B.E., late Foot Guards.
• Air Vice-Marshal Thomas James Hanlon, C.B.E., Royal Air Force.
• Air Vice-Marshal Michael Henry Le Bas, C.B.E., D.S..O., A.F.C., Royal Air Force.
• Air Vice-Marshal John Hunter Hunter-Tod, O.B.E., Royal Air Force.
• Acting Air Vice-Marshal Stanley Haslam Bonser, M.B.E., Royal Air Force.
• Air Commodore Alastair Dyson Panton, O.B.E., D.F.C., Royal Air Force.

Civil Division

• John Meriton Benn, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education for Northern Ireland.
• John Francis Claxton, Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions.
• David Dickson, H.M. Senior Chief Inspector of Schools, Scottish Education Department.
• William Rowcliffe Elliott, Senior Chief Inspector, Department of Education and Science.
• Basil Gray, C.B.E., Keeper of Oriental Antiquities, British Museum.
• Philip Arthur Hufton, Deputy Director (Aircraft), Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Ministry of Technology.
• Richard Brian Meredith King, M.C., Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Overseas Development.
• Professor James Henry Herbert Merriman, O.B.E., Senior Director of Development, General Post Office.
• Norman Charles Price, Deputy Chairman, Board of Inland Revenue.
• Italo de Lisle Radice, Comptroller General, National Debt Office.
• Jack Leslie Rampton, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Power.
• Charles Edgar Sherwin, lately Director of Warship Design, Ministry of Defence.
• Reginald Stanley Swift, Under Secretary, Department of Health and Social Security.
• Henry Moir Wilson, C.M.G., M.B.E., Chief Scientist (Army), Ministry of Defence.

Order of St Michael and St George

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)

• The Right Honourable Samuel, Viscount Hood, K.C.M.G., lately Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG)

• John Greville Stanley Beith, C.M.G., Her Majesty's Ambassador, Brussels.
• John Richard Cotton, C.M.G., O.B.E., lately Her Majesty's Ambassador, Kinshasa.
• Patrick Francis Hancock, C.M.G., lately Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• Edward Emile Tomkins, C.M.G., C.V.O., Her Majesty's Minister, Washington.

Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)

• Professor Charles Henry Dobinson. For services to education overseas.
• Arthur Stanley George Hoar, lately Managing Director, Commonwealth Development Finance Company Ltd.
• Arthur Patrick Hockaday, Assistant Under-secretary of State, Ministry of Defence.
• Philip Bicknell Ray, Attached Ministry of Defence.
• Thomas William Aston, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• Henry Arthur Hugh Cortazzi, Counsellor, Her Majesty's Embassy, Tokyo.
• John Burke da Silva, Counsellor, Her Majesty's Embassy, Washington.
• Edward Bruce Dawson-Moray, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• Robert James Dewar, C.B.E., Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Natural Resources, Malawi.
• Christopher Thomas Ewart Ewart-Biggs, O.B.E., Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• David Ronald Holmes, C.B.E., M.C., E.D., Secretary for Chinese Affairs, Hong Kong.
• Oliver Kemp, O.B.E., lately Her Majesty's Ambassador, Ulan Bator.
• Edgar Ord Laird, M.B.E., lately Deputy High Commissioner, Kaduna, Nigeria.
• Daniel Donal John McCarthy, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• Brian Birley Roberts, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• John Armstrong Robinson, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
• William Hart Sweeting, C.B.E., Chief Secretary, Bahama Islands.

Australian States

State of New South Wales

• Emeritus Professor Bruce Toomba Mayes, M.V.O., M.B., B.S. For services to medicine.

State of Victoria

• Councillor Reginald Thomas Anthony Talbot, Lord Mayor of Melbourne. For services to the community.

State of Queensland

• Claude Bowhay. For services to local government and to sheep farming.

Royal Victorian Order

Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (DCVO)

• Lady Jean Margaret Florence Rankin, C.V.O.

Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)

• Major Alastair Campbell Blair, C.V.O., T.D.
• Rear-Admiral The Right Honourable David Charles, Earl Cairns, C.B.

Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO)

• George Brewster, M.D., D.P.H.
• Frederick Peter Collison Garland, Q.P.M.
• William Heseltine, M.V.O.
• Doreen, Mrs Archer Houblon, M.V.O.
• John Ritchie Inch, C.B.E.
• Miss Jean Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott.
• Miss Muriel Elsie Irene Waterman, M.V.O.
• Lieutenant-Commander Ernest Richard Wheeler, M.V.O., M.B.E., Royal Navy (Retired).
• Hugh Walter Kingwell Wontner, M.V.O.

Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)

At this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were "Member (fourth class)" and "Member (fifth class)", both with post-nominals MVO. "Member (fourth class)" was renamed "Lieutenant" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.

Fourth Class

• Captain Alastair Sturgis Aird.
• Commander Peter Italo Frank Beeson, Royal Navy.
• Richard Philip Cave.
• Alfred Richard Deats.
• Charles Annand Fraser.
• Harry Anderson Clifford Gill.
• James Hamilton.
• Miss Gwendolen Maud Kirby.
• Noel Melville Richards, O.B.E.
• Leslie George Vaughan, M.V.O.
• George Henry Wagstaff.
• Wing Commander Jack Leslie Wallace, O.B.E., Royal Air Force (Retired).
• Edith, Mrs Wheeler.

Fifth Class

• Miss Anne Ainscough.
• Louis Peter Avery.
• Cecil Edward David Clinton.
• Stanley Horace Pearson.
• George Brooke-Pike.
• Miss Felicity Margaret Salisbury Simpson.
• Albert Shirley Turner.
• Victor Ernest Walters.

Royal Victorian Medal (Silver) (RVM)

• Miss Agnes Bier.
• Alexander Coull.
• Edward George Crabbe.
• Divisional Sergeant Major Bertram Charles Durbin, M.C., Her Majesty's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard.
• William John Emmerson.
• Leonard Thomas Harrod.
• Francis Albert Holland.
• Chief Petty Officer Cook Alan Lancelot Jones.
• George Kendall.
• George Stanley Lines.
• Maurice Melton.
• William Arthur Raine.
• Thomas Harris Rees.
• James Harry Rivers.
• Leonard Francis Lee Vincett.
• Frederick Wilkins.

Order of the British Empire

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)

• Alderman Sir Louis Halle Gluckstein, C.B.E., T.D., Q.C., D.L., lately Chairman, Greater London Council.
• Sir Arthur Frank Kirby, K.B.E., C.M.G., Chairman, National Ports Council.
• Sir Arnold Charles Trinder, Lord Mayor of London.

Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE)

• Miss Mary Lucy Cartwright. For services to Mathematics.
• Miss Daphne du Maurier (Lady Browning), Writer.
• Miss Anna Neagle, C.B.E. (Florence Marjorie, Mrs Wilcox), Actress.

Australian States

State of Victoria

• Rita Mary, Mrs Buxton, C.B.E., of Armadale. For philanthropic services.

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)

• Lieutenant-General Norman Graham Guy Talbot, O.B.E., T.D., Q.H.S., M.D., late Royal Army Medical Corps.
• Acting Air Marshal John Hugh Lapsley, C.B., O.B.E., D.F.C., A.F.C., Royal Air Force.
• William Gordon Harris, C.B., Director General, Highways, Ministry of Transport.
• The Right Honourable William Brereton Couchman, Baron Merthyr, T.D., D.L., Chairman of the Magistrates Association.
• Arthur Gordon Norman, C.B.E., D.F.C., President, Confederation of British Industry. Chairman, De La Rue Company.

Australian States

State of Victoria

• Reginald Myles Ansett, of Mount Eliza. For services to the community, particularly to the transport industry.

Order of the Companions of Honour (CH)

• Sir John (Giovanni Battista) Barbirolli. For services to music.
• Sir Allen Lane Williams Lane, Chairman, Penguin Publishing Company.
• The Right Honourable Dr Eric Williams, Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Planning and Development, Trinidad and Tobago.

New Zealand

Order of the Bath

Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)

Military Division

• Major General Robert Boyd Dawson CBE DSO - Generals' List (Regular Force).

Order of Saint Michael and Saint George

Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)

• Alfred Onslow Glasse OBE MC JP. For services to the community and particularly to local government in Auckland.
• Adrian George Rodda - chairman, State Services Commission.

Order of the British Empire

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)

Civil Division

• Hamilton Mitchell - of Wellington, president of the New Zealand Returned Services Association.
• Henry Ernest Blyde CBE JP - of New Plymouth. For services to local government

Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)

Civil Division

• Eardley Lorimer Button OBE ED FRCS FRACS - of Wellington. For services to the medical profession.
• Ronald Alan Candy OBE - of Waitoa. For services to the dairy industry.
• Leonard Thomas Daniell DCM - of Masterton. For services to farming.
• Henry Rodolph Wigley OBE - of Timaru. For services to the tourist industry.

Military Division

• Commodore Leonard Stanley Stanners OBE - General List (Supply and Secretariat Specialization).

Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)

Civil Division

• Harold Philip Fowler - of Invercargill. For services to education.
• Wallace Galloway JP - of Dannevirke. For services to the community.
• Henry Lewis Gibson - of Dunedin. For services to the community.
• Harold Cecil Holland - of Auckland. For services to industry and education.
• Miss Norah Martin (Mother Mary Bernard) - Provincial Superior for New Zealand of the Little Company of Mary. For services to the nursing profession.
• John O'Halloran JP - of Te Kuiti. For services to the community.
• John Joseph Parsons - of Patea. For services to agriculture.
• Selwyn Isaac Vercoe JP - of Blenheim. For services to journalism and to the community.
• Alfred Walmsley - of Invercargill. For services to commerce and the community.
• Robert Fleming Wardlaw JP - of Waimana. For services to the community.

Military Division

• Surgeon Commander James Smith Watt Frew - Royal New Zealand Navy.
• Lieutenant Colonel John Harold Gray - Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment (Territorial Force).
• Wing Commander David Manson Crooks - Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)

Civil Division

• Ernest Edwin Beale JP - of Woodville. For services to the community.
• David Joseph Berry - of Raetihi. For services in local government and to farming, especially as a sheep breeder.
• Charles Oliver Coad - chairman, Wellington Advisory Committee, New Zealand Foundation for the Blind.
• Mrs Clare Esther Mary Crawford - of Christchurch. For services to the community.
• Michael Francis Foley - of Stratford. For services to the acclimatisation movement.
• Sidney James Guppy JP - of Nelson. For services to sport.
• Mrs Laura Mary Harry. For services to the community of Buller, particularly in hospital and nursing fields.
• Mrs Rene Mary MacLennan - lately matron, Rawene Hospital, Hokianga.
• Laurence Carrington Mail MB ChB - of Geraldine. For services to the community, particularly in the medical field.
• Robert Steele Martin JP - county engineer, Rotorua.
• Arthur William Miller - of Taradale. For services to the community.
• Francis William Laidlaw Milne - of Auckland. For services to the community.
• Arthur Mervyn Nicholson JP - of Auckland. For services to education.
• Mrs Te Arahori Potaka - of Wanganui. For services to the Māori people.
• Donald Stewart Reid JP - Resident Commissioner and Stipendiary Magistrate, Chatham Islands.
• Vivian George Herbert Rickard JP - of Rangitukia, East Coast. For services to local government and community affairs.
• Russell Robertson - of Oamaru. For services to sport.
• Mrs Dora Frances Steptoe - vice-president, Women's Borstal Association.

Military Division

• Lieutenant (Temporary Lieutenant Commander) David John Collins- Royal New Zealand Navy.
• Warrant Officer First Class Graham Robertson Young - Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery (Regular Force).
• Warrant Officer First Class Stanley Desmond Michael Benedict Wright - Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery (Regular Force).
• Warrant Officer First Class Clifford Melrose Kennedy BEM - Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment (Regular Force).
• Major Anthony Thomas Mortiboy ED - Royal New Zealand Corps of Signals (Territorial Force).
• Squadron Leader (now Wing Commander) Leonard James Thompson - Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Companion of the Imperial Service Order (ISO)

• William Hay - lately managing director, State Advances Corporation.

British Empire Medal (BEM)

Civil Division

• Douglas William Arter. For services to soldiers overseas.
• Miss Myrtle Ann Mary Bell. For services to the community, particularly youth projects, in Reefton.
• Mrs Estelle Colleen Brunker. For services to sport in Whangerei and Northland.
• Mrs Aileen Charlotte Clements. For services to the community in Nelson.
• Walter Francis Collins - welding overseer, New Zealand Electricity Department.
• Miss Alice Mary Dent. For services to the community in Taupo.
• Mrs Christina Harley. For services to the community in Broad Bay, Dunedin.
• Daniel Robert Hyde. For services to youth in Auckland.
• John Wates Luskie - senior engineer's assistant (mechanical) New Zealand Electricity Department.
• Mrs Louise Miles. For services to handicapped children in Christchurch.
• John Russell - Detective-Sergeant, New Zealand Police Force, Kaikohe.
• Mrs Laura Joan Swan. For services to the community, particularly as an entertainer in Auckland.
• Frank Thomson - Detective, New Zealand Police Force, Wanganui.

Military Division

• Chief Mechanician William Anthony Barry - Royal New Zealand Navy.
• Chief Radioman John Nicholas Hewson - Royal New Zealand Navy.
• Staff Sergeant Edward Peter Agnew - Royal New Zealand Engineers (Territorial Force).
• Staff Sergeant Russell John Meek - Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps (Territorial Force).
• Staff Sergeant Peter Quinn - Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps (Regular Force).
• Staff Sergeant Edward George Willbond - Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery (Regular Force).
• Sergeant Peter Alexander Shilton - Royal New Zealand Air Force.
• Flight Sergeant Eric David Waghorn - Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Air Force Cross (AFC)

• Wing Commander Frederick Martin Kinvig - Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Queen's Police Medal (QPM)

• William Harold Angus Sharp - Assistant Commissioner, New Zealand Police.
• Archibald Conrad Blackwell Wade - Chief Superintendent, New Zealand Police.

Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air

• Flight Lieutenant Graham Neville Lucas - Royal New Zealand Air Force.

References

1. United Kingdom list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44863. pp. 5961–5993. 6 June 1969.
2. Australia list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44864. pp. 5995–6000. 6 June 1969.
3. New Zealand list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44865. pp. 6001–6003. 6 June 1969.
4. Sierra Leone list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44866. pp. 6005–6006. 6 June 1969.
5. Trinidad and Tobago list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44867. p. 6007. 6 June 1969.
6. Gambia list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44868. p. 6009. 6 June 1969.
7. Guyana list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44869. p. 6011. 6 June 1969.
8. Mauritius list: The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44870. p. 6013. 6 June 1969.