1985 Summer Universiade

XIII Summer Universiade

Nations participating	106
Athletes participating	2,783
Events	11 sports
Opening ceremony	August 24
Closing ceremony	September 4
Officially opened by	Crown Prince Akihito
Main venue	Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium

Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium

The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.

Mascot

The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.

Gender test

The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.^{[1] [2][3]} In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.^[4]

Sports

• Athletics ()
• Basketball ()
• Diving ()
• Fencing ()
• Football ()
• Gymnastics ()
• Judo ()
• Swimming ()
• Tennis ()
• Volleyball ()
• Water polo ()

Medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Soviet Union	42	22	20	84
2	United States	23	22	24	69
3	Cuba	8	8	5	21
4	China	7	7	6	20
5	Romania	6	7	6	19
6	Japan	6	3	7	16
7	Italy	4	6	5	15
8	Bulgaria	4	6	4	14
9	Netherlands	3	1	4	8
10	North Korea	3	1	3	7
10	Poland	3	1	3	7
12	West Germany	2	4	8	14
13	Australia	2	3	2	7
14	South Korea	2	1	5	8
15	Nigeria	2	1	2	5
16	Hungary	1	4	4	9
17	United Kingdom	1	2	3	6
18	Brazil	1	2	2	5
19	Mexico	1	1	0	2
20	Czechoslovakia	1	0	1	2
20	Jamaica	1	0	1	2
22	Canada	0	6	6	12
23	France	0	5	3	8
24	Yugoslavia	0	1	2	3
25	New Zealand	0	1	0	1
25	Portugal	0	1	0	1
25	Uruguay	0	1	0	1
28	Ivory Coast	0	0	1	1
28	Morocco	0	0	1	1
Total		123	117	128	368

References

1. Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". New York Times.
2. Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater. The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
3. Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12. ISBN 9780252095962.
4. Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer. The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.