2010 FIA GT1 World Championship

2010 FIA GT1 World Championship
Previous: 2009 Next: 2011
Vitaphone Racing and drivers Michael Bartels and Andrea Bertolini won the inaugural FIA GT1 Teams' and Drivers' World Championships.

The 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship season was the debut season of the FIA GT1 World Championship, a motor racing competition reserved for FIA GT1 cars. The championship was a replacement for the FIA GT Championship which was held from 1997 to 2009. It was the first sports car racing series to be sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as a World Championship since the demise of the World Sportscar Championship at the end of the 1992 season.

Developed by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO), the 2010 championship was decided over ten events in ten countries on three continents. It was contested by twelve teams, each being independent of the automobile manufacturer that they represented, although they were permitted limited support from that manufacturer.[1] Aston Martin, Corvette, Ford, Lamborghini, Maserati, and Nissan were each represented by two teams. Unlike the FIA GT Championship, where several tyre manufacturers competed, the FIA GT1 World Championship has a single provider, Michelin.

Michael Bartels and Andrea Bertolini, who won the final FIA GT Championship for Drivers in 2009, won the first GT1 World Championship for Drivers with a race to spare. Despite finishing twelfth in the Qualification Race in Argentina, Bartels and Bertolini were assured of the title as the Young Driver AMR pairing of Tomáš Enge and Darren Turner could only finish tenth which failed to keep them within reach. A non-scoring weekend for Enge and Turner dropped them to fourth in the final championship standings, as Matech Competition's Thomas Mutsch and Hexis AMR's Frédéric Makowiecki moved into second and third places respectively as Makowiecki won both races and Mutsch finished second in each race. With the assistance of Miguel Ramos, Enrique Bernoldi and Alexandre Negrão in the team's second car during the season, Vitaphone Racing also claimed the Teams' Championship in the same race, as Young Driver AMR, Hexis AMR and Reiter all failed to score enough points to take the championship to a final race.

Calendar

The SRO announced a provisional 2010 calendar featuring twelve events, although host circuits were not named. A revised twelve event calendar was announced on 21 October 2009,[2] removing the previously planned rounds for Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, and Russia. Eastern Creek Raceway had been part of the unsuccessful bid for the Australian round,[3] while the Russian round planned for 2010 was cancelled due to delays in the completion of the Eurasia Autodromo, while Romania's planned event was cancelled due to a change in the Bucharest government. A further calendar was released on 11 December 2009 with just ten rounds listed,[4] removing the proposed Canadian, Hungarian, and Chinese rounds but adding the Argentinian round at the Potrero de los Funes Circuit once more. The Yas Marina Circuit later requested to the FIA that their event be pushed back two weeks to the weekend of 17 April in order to avoid a conflict with the FIA World Cup for Cross Country Rallies which will be held in the United Arab Emirates on 5 April.[5] The British round will contest the RAC Tourist Trophy while also serving as the first motor racing event held on the newly built Arena layout for the Silverstone Circuit.[6] Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps will continue to host a round, but the GT1 races will be held separate from the Spa 24 Hours held during the same weekend.[7]

In July 2010, following delays in completing alterations to the Durban street circuit due to construction for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the South African round was postponed until 2011. A Spanish event at the brand new Circuito de Navarra was proposed as a replacement for Durban on the calendar,[8] and was confirmed at the FIA World Motor Sport Council meeting of 24 October.[9]

All events consisted of a one-hour Qualifying race and a one-hour Championship race. For European rounds, FIA GT1 will be joined at the circuit by the FIA GT3 European Championship.[10]

Rnd Circuit Date
1 United Arab Emirates Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 17 April
2 United Kingdom Silverstone Circuit, United Kingdom 2 May
3 Czech Republic Masaryk Circuit, Brno, Czech Republic 23 May
4 France Circuit Paul Ricard, Le Castellet, France 4 July
5 Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium 1 August
6 Germany Nürburgring, Germany 29 August
7 Portugal Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, Portimão, Portugal 19 September
8 Spain Circuito de Navarra, Los Arcos, Spain[11] 24 October
9 Brazil Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo, Brazil[12] 28 November
10 Argentina Potrero de los Funes Circuit, San Luis, Argentina 5 December

Entries

Manufacturers

Nismo's GT-R as it appeared during its developmental season in 2009
A Ford GT1, built by Matech Concepts specifically for the 2010 championship and entered by Marc VDS Racing Team
The Aston Martin DBR9, a previous winner in the FIA GT Championship, has been modified to comply with the 2010 FIA GT1 regulations

The SRO initially expected at least five manufacturers to participate in the inaugural 2010 season. A maximum of six manufacturers would be accepted, with each manufacturer limited to supplying two privateer teams of no more than two cars. To ensure close competition, each model of car would be tested by the FIA to determine any mandatory adjustments for performance balancing.[10][13] The FIA employed Christophe Bouchut, Anthony Davidson, and Heinz-Harald Frentzen for balance of performance test sessions held at Circuit Paul Ricard as well as just prior to the first race event at Yas Marina Circuit.[14]

As of June 2009, three manufacturers had announced their entries for the 2010 season. Nissan's performance division, Nismo, developed their GT-R for GT1; the GT-R was initially tested for the World Championship by competing in select 2009 FIA GT events with Gigawave Motorsport. Ford also used 2009 as a development year for its Ford GT race car built by Matech Concepts.[15][16] Lamborghini was the third announced manufacturer, fielding a car based on the Murciélago LP670-4 SV and built by Reiter Engineering who had built the previous GT1-spec Murciélago R-GT.[17]

Following the announcement of the initial three manufacturers, Aston Martin Racing and Prodrive submitted a proposal to the FIA World Motor Sport Council for modifications to the existing Aston Martin DBR9 to allow customers to enter the series. The FIA would be required to make technical waivers on the DBR9 in order for it to be allowed to compete.[18] General Motors' Corvette brand also asked for a technical waiver on a modification to their 2009 Corvette C6.Rs in order to compete in 2010.[7][19] Maserati and Saleen are also seeking these technical waivers for their 2009 cars, but require a further waiver due to the MC12 and S7 not meeting the minimum requirement of 300 production cars for the 2010 regulations. In November 2009, the SRO confirmed their six manufacturers for the 2010 season, allowing Corvette, Aston Martin, and Maserati their technical waivers to join Nissan, Ford, and Lamborghini.[12]

Teams

For the teams which will represent each of the six manufacturers, two privateers will be selected by each manufacturer. During the launch of the FIA GT1 World Championship, Matech Concepts and VDS Racing Team announced their continuation with the Ford GT project.[7] Hexis Racing of France also announced their intent to participate in the series with Aston Martin,[20] joining fellow FIA GT3 European Championship competitor Fischer Racing which will participate under the Young Driver AMR title.[21][22] Swiss Racing Team announced on 5 November that they would enter using the Nissan GT-R,[23] to team alongside Sumo Power GT which replaced the departing 2009 development team of Gigawave Motorsport.[24]

Maserati will retain the five-time FIA GT champions Vitaphone Racing Team, while the second squad will be formed by Altfrid Heger's Triple H Team Hegersport of Germany.[25] Corvette will also retain several of its privateer teams from the FIA GT Championship, with DKR Engineering and Selleslagh Racing Team combining their C6.Rs to form Mad Croc Racing, and Phoenix Racing and Carsport Holland merging into Phoenix Racing Carsport.[25] Lamborghini meanwhile will be represented by their own manufacturer, Reiter Engineering, and previous Lamborghini FIA GT campaigner Münnich Motorsport.[25]

On 17 January 2010 the SRO confirmed the twelve teams which has submitted entries for the championship.[25]

Drivers

Each event will consist of up to 48 drivers, with many of these drivers featuring in every round of the season. The full-season line-ups include drivers from varying backgrounds, including experienced sports car drivers and relative newcomers. Seven former FIA GT Champions are contracted with teams, including three-time co-champions Michael Bartels and Andrea Bertolini once again sharing a Vitaphone Maserati. Fellow three-time champion Christophe Bouchut will drive one of Münnich Motorsports' Lamborghinis, while 1998 champion Ricardo Zonta returns with the fellow Lamborghini at Reiter. 1999 champion and the record holder for most FIA GT wins, Karl Wendlinger is enlisted by Swiss Racing Team for Nissan[26] while 2000 champion Jamie Campbell-Walter will be drive the Nissan of Sumo Power. 2003 champion Matteo Bobbi returns to driving a Maserati for the Hegersport squad. Other sports car veterans include 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans winner Seiji Ara at Swiss Racing, 2007 FIA GT3 Champion Henri Moser at Hexis, 2008 Le Mans Series champions Tomáš Enge and Stefan Mücke co-driving for Young Driver AMR, former American Le Mans Series champions Mika Salo and Oliver Gavin driving a Mad-Croc Corvette, and two-time Super GT champion Michael Krumm with Sumo Power.

Several drivers already have world championship experience in other forms of motorsport, including the Formula One World Championship and World Touring Car Championship. Romain Grosjean has moved directly from a 2009 seat at Renault F1 to now driving for Matech Competition in GT1, while former Formula One driver Enrique Bernoldi made his sports car presence known by winning races during his rookie season in the 2009 FIA GT Championship, now switching to Vitaphone Maserati. Jean-Denis Délétraz is another driver who has had the experience of grand prix racing. Drivers making the transition from touring car racing to sports cars include Hegersport founder Altfrid Heger and 2005 WTCC Independents Champion Marc Hennerici.

A unique driver line-up amongst the field of 24 cars is No.6 Matech Ford which featuring the only females in the series. The two Swiss women, Natacha Gachnang and Cyndie Allemann, both have experience in various open wheel racing series, but are teaming together to make their debuts in sports car racing.

Entry list

On 27 January 2010 the FIA published the full entry list of teams and manufacturers for the 2010 season.[27] On 26 February 2010 the SRO published a first partial entry-list of drivers.[28] All teams used Michelin tyres.

Team Car Engine No. Drivers Rounds
Germany Vitaphone Racing Team Maserati MC12 GT1 Maserati 6.0 L V12 1 Germany Michael Bartels[29] All
Italy Andrea Bertolini[29] All
2 Portugal Miguel Ramos[29] 1–8, 10
Brazil Enrique Bernoldi[30] All
Brazil Alexandre Negrão[31] 9
Switzerland Swiss Racing Team Nissan GT-R GT1 Nissan VK56DE 5.6 L V8 3 Austria Karl Wendlinger[32] All
Switzerland Henri Moser[33] All
4 Sweden Max Nilsson[32] All
Japan Seiji Ara[34] All
Switzerland Matech Competition Ford GT1 Ford Cammer 5.3 L V8 5 Switzerland Romain Grosjean[35] 1–4
United Kingdom Richard Westbrook[36] 5–10
Germany Thomas Mutsch[37][38] All
6 Switzerland Natacha Gachnang[38] 1, 4
Switzerland Cyndie Allemann[38] 1, 3
Switzerland Rahel Frey[39] 3
France Olivier Panis[40] 4
Switzerland Romain Grosjean[36] 5
Switzerland Neel Jani[36] 5–10
France Nicolas Prost[41] 6–7
France Nicolas Armindo[42] 8–10
Germany Young Driver AMR Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0 L V12 7 Czech Republic Tomáš Enge[43] All
United Kingdom Darren Turner[43] All
8 Germany Stefan Mücke[43] All
Denmark Christoffer Nygaard[43] 1–6, 8–9
Portugal Pedro Lamy[44] 7
Argentina José María López[45] 10
France Hexis AMR Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0 L V12 9 France Frédéric Makowiecki[46] All
France Philippe Dumas[47] 1
France Thomas Accary[48] 2, 4–5
France Stéphane Sarrazin[49] 3
France Yann Clairay[50] 6–10
10 Monaco Clivio Piccione[51] All
Switzerland Jonathan Hirschi[52] All
Belgium Mad-Croc Racing Corvette C6.R Corvette LS7.R 7.0 L V8 11 Netherlands Xavier Maassen[53] 1–7
Germany Alex Müller[54] 1
France Nicolas Armindo[55] 2
Netherlands Mike Hezemans 3–4
Netherlands Jos Menten[56] 5–6
France Julien Jousse[57] 7
Brazil Sérgio Jimenez[31] 9
Brazil Claudio Dahruj[31] 9
12 Finland Pertti Kuismanen[58] All
Finland Mika Salo[58] 1, 3, 6
United Kingdom Oliver Gavin[58] 2, 4–5
France Laurent Cazenave[59] 7
Netherlands Duncan Huisman[60] 8–10
Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport Corvette C6.R Corvette LS7.R 7.0 L V8 13 Germany Marc Hennerici[61] All
Austria Andreas Zuber[62] 1–2
Slovakia Štefan Rosina[39] 3
Italy Andrea Piccini[63] 4
Netherlands Mike Hezemans[64] 5
Greece Alexandros Margaritis[65] 6–10
14 Italy Andrea Piccini[66] 1, 5
Netherlands Mike Hezemans[62] 1–2
Belgium Anthony Kumpen[67] 2, 5
United Kingdom Sumo Power GT Nissan GT-R GT1 Nissan VK56DE 5.6 L V8 22 United Kingdom Jamie Campbell-Walter[68] All
United Kingdom Warren Hughes[68] All
23 United Kingdom Peter Dumbreck[69] All
Germany Michael Krumm[69] All
Germany Reiter Lamborghini Murciélago LP670 R-SV Lamborghini 6.5 L V12 24 Netherlands Peter Kox[70] All
Germany Christopher Haase[70] All
25 Brazil Ricardo Zonta[61] 1, 4–6, 8–9
Brazil Rafael Daniel[61] 1, 4
Netherlands Jos Menten[71] 2, 7
Germany Frank Kechele[72] 2–3, 5–10
Czech Republic Jan Danis[39] 3
Brazil Sérgio Jimenez[73] 10
Germany Triple H Team Hegersport Maserati MC12 GT1 Maserati 6.0 L V12 33 Germany Altfrid Heger[74] 1–7, 9–10
Greece Alexandros Margaritis[61] 1–4
Germany Alex Müller[75] 5–10
Belgium Bert Longin[74][76] 8
34 1–6
Italy Matteo Bobbi[74] 1–4
Belgium Nico Verdonck[36] 5, 8, 10
Italy Alessandro Pier Guidi[65] 6–8, 10
Brazil Francisco Longo[31] 9
Brazil Daniel Serra[31] 9
Austria Nikolaus Mayr-Melnhof[77] 7
Germany All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport Lamborghini Murciélago LP670 R-SV Lamborghini 6.5 L V12 37 Germany Marc Basseng[61] All
Germany Thomas Jäger[61] 1, 3, 6
France Christophe Bouchut[78] 2, 4–5, 7–9
Argentina Ricardo Risatti[79] 10
38 Germany Dominik Schwager[61] All
Netherlands Nicky Pastorelli[61] All
Belgium Marc VDS Racing Team Ford GT1 Ford Cammer 5.3 L V8 40 Belgium Bas Leinders[61] All
Belgium Maxime Martin[61] All
41 Belgium Renaud Kuppens[61] 1–7
Italy Matteo Bobbi[80] 8–10
Finland Markus Palttala[61] All

Results and standings

Race results

Rnd. Event Qualifying Race Winner Championship Race Winner Report
1 Abu Dhabi Germany No. 13 Phoenix Racing / Carsport Switzerland No. 5 Matech Competition Report
Germany Marc Hennerici
Austria Andreas Zuber
Germany Thomas Mutsch
Switzerland Romain Grosjean
2 Silverstone France No. 9 Hexis AMR United Kingdom No. 22 Sumo Power GT Report
France Thomas Accary
France Frédéric Makowiecki
United Kingdom Jamie Campbell-Walter
United Kingdom Warren Hughes
3 Brno Germany No. 1 Vitaphone Racing Team Switzerland No. 5 Matech Competition Report
Italy Andrea Bertolini
Germany Michael Bartels
Germany Thomas Mutsch
Switzerland Romain Grosjean
4 Paul Ricard Germany No. 1 Vitaphone Racing Team Germany No. 1 Vitaphone Racing Team Report
Italy Andrea Bertolini
Germany Michael Bartels
Italy Andrea Bertolini
Germany Michael Bartels
5 Spa-Francorchamps Belgium No. 11 Mad-Croc Racing Germany No. 25 Reiter Report
Netherlands Xavier Maassen
Netherlands Jos Menten
Brazil Ricardo Zonta
Germany Frank Kechele
6 Nürburgring Germany No. 7 Young Driver AMR Germany No. 7 Young Driver AMR Report
Czech Republic Tomáš Enge
United Kingdom Darren Turner
Czech Republic Tomáš Enge
United Kingdom Darren Turner
7 Algarve United Kingdom No. 23 Sumo Power GT Germany No. 1 Vitaphone Racing Team Report
United Kingdom Peter Dumbreck
Germany Michael Krumm
Italy Andrea Bertolini
Germany Michael Bartels
8 Navarra Germany No. 25 Reiter Germany No. 25 Reiter Report
Brazil Ricardo Zonta
Germany Frank Kechele
Brazil Ricardo Zonta
Germany Frank Kechele
9 Interlagos Germany No. 7 Young Driver AMR Germany No. 2 Vitaphone Racing Team Report
Czech Republic Tomáš Enge
United Kingdom Darren Turner
Brazil Enrique Bernoldi
Brazil Alexandre Negrão
10 San Luis France No. 9 Hexis AMR France No. 9 Hexis AMR Report
France Yann Clairay
France Frédéric Makowiecki
France Yann Clairay
France Frédéric Makowiecki

Championships

Championship points were awarded for the first three positions in each qualifying race and for the first ten positions in each championship race. Entries had to complete 75% of the winning car's race distance in order to be classified and earn points. Individual drivers were required to participate for a minimum of 25 minutes in order to earn championship points in any race.

Points System[81]
Race Type Position
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Qualifying Race 8 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Championship Race 25 18 15 12 10 8 6 4 2 1

Drivers' Championship

Pos Driver Team ABU
United Arab Emirates
SIL
United Kingdom
BRN
Czech Republic
PRI
France
SPA
Belgium
NÜR
Germany
ALG
Portugal
NAV
Spain
INT
Brazil
SAN
Argentina
Total
QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR
1 Germany Michael Bartels
Italy Andrea Bertolini
Germany Vitaphone Racing Team 3 4 3 7 1 5 1 1 Ret 7 10 6 2 1 7 6 8 9 12 7 138
2 Germany Thomas Mutsch Switzerland Matech Competition 2 1 21 Ret 6 1 7 7 6 3 6 13 5 2 10 Ret Ret 14 2 2 119
3 France Frédéric Makowiecki France Hexis AMR 7 Ret 1 2 8 9 11 9 Ret 5 Ret 7 10 6 9 2 15 13 1 1 105
4 Czech Republic Tomáš Enge
United Kingdom Darren Turner
Germany Young Driver AMR Ret 11 4 EX 2 2 10 16 10 6 1 1 4 10 Ret 4 1 2 10 15 104
5 Germany Marc Hennerici Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 1 2 11 Ret 17 8 6 5 EX 13 2 3 3 3 11 8 6 3 18 12 99
6 Germany Frank Kechele Germany Reiter 6 3 20 Ret 2 1 4 14 14 8 1 1 Ret Ret 5 4 95
7 Greece Alexandros Margaritis Germany Triple H Team Hegersport 5 9 NC 6 13 Ret 8 3 84
Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 2 3 3 3 11 8 6 3 18 12
8 Brazil Ricardo Zonta Germany Reiter 10 5 13 10 2 1 4 14 1 1 Ret Ret 75
9 United Kingdom Peter Dumbreck
Germany Michael Krumm
United Kingdom Sumo Power GT 11 16 8 Ret 3 3 9 2 8 Ret Ret 15 1 4 16 Ret 2 6 6 Ret 71
10 France Yann Clairay France Hexis AMR Ret 7 10 6 9 2 15 13 1 1 65
11 Switzerland Romain Grosjean Switzerland Matech Competition 2 1 21 Ret 6 1 7 7 20 14 62
12 Monaco Clivio Piccione
Switzerland Jonathan Hirschi
France Hexis AMR 8 17 2 13 9 4 17 13 13 10 5 4 16 13 EX Ret 3 4 4 3 62
13 United Kingdom Richard Westbrook Switzerland Matech Competition 6 3 6 13 5 2 10 Ret Ret 14 2 2 57
14 Belgium Bas Leinders
Belgium Maxime Martin
Belgium Marc VDS Racing Team 6 13 19 8 16 Ret 20 4 9 Ret Ret 11 Ret 5 3 5 11 5 3 Ret 54
15 Brazil Enrique Bernoldi Germany Vitaphone Racing Team Ret 6 9 15 7 6 5 Ret 11 4 7 12 13 Ret Ret 12 4 1 16 14 53
16 United Kingdom Warren Hughes
United Kingdom Jamie Campbell-Walter
United Kingdom Sumo Power GT 13 12 5 1 21 17 3 8 19 11 16 8 9 Ret 5 3 14 Ret 13 16 52
17 Germany Altfrid Heger Germany Triple H Team Hegersport 5 9 NC 6 13 Ret 8 3 12 2 13 20 6 9 10 10 11 9 48
18 Netherlands Peter Kox
Germany Christopher Haase
Germany Reiter 15 8 10 Ret DNS DNS 2 18 7 Ret 3 2 12 7 17 Ret 9 12 Ret 10 39
19 France Thomas Accary France Hexis AMR 1 2 11 9 Ret 5 38
20 Germany Stefan Mücke Germany Young Driver AMR 4 Ret Ret 5 11 Ret Ret 20 3 Ret 9 5 15 11 DNS DNS 12 11 Ret 5 34
21 Portugal Miguel Ramos Germany Vitaphone Racing Team Ret 6 9 15 7 6 5 Ret 11 4 7 12 13 Ret Ret 12 16 14 28
22 Netherlands Jos Menten Germany Reiter 6 3 14 8 27
Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 1 Ret 18 18
23 Austria Andreas Zuber Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 1 2 11 Ret 26
24 Brazil Alexandre Negrão Germany Vitaphone Racing Team 4 1 25
25 Italy Andrea Piccini Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 16 3 6 5 Ret Ret 25
26 Germany Alex Müller Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 14 10 24
Germany Triple H Team Hegersport 12 2 13 20 6 9 6 Ret 10 10 11 9
27 Denmark Christoffer Nygaard Germany Young Driver AMR 4 Ret Ret 5 11 Ret Ret 20 3 Ret 9 5 DNS DNS 12 11 24
28 Belgium Bert Longin Germany Triple H Team Hegersport DNS 7 16 4 10 11 14 11 4 8 Ret 9 6 Ret 24
29 Netherlands Mike Hezemans Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 16 3 7 Ret EX 13 23
Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 5 15 4 6
30 Italy Matteo Bobbi Germany Triple H Team Hegersport DNS 7 16 4 10 11 14 11 19
Belgium Marc VDS Racing Team 12 10 20 15 15 Ret
31 Netherlands Xavier Maassen Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 14 10 12 11 5 15 4 6 1 Ret 18 18 7 14 17
32 Germany Dominik Schwager
Netherlands Nicky Pastorelli
Germany All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport Ret Ret 20 12 4 7 15 12 5 9 11 Ret 8 Ret Ret 9 5 7 9 11 16
33= Switzerland Neel Jani Switzerland Matech Competition 20 14 8 16 20 12 4 7 7 8 17 8 14
33= France Nicolas Armindo Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 12 11 14
Switzerland Matech Competition 4 7 7 8 17 8
34 Brazil Sérgio Jimenez Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 19 20 12
Germany Reiter 5 4
35 Brazil Rafael Daniel Germany Reiter 10 5 13 10 11
36 Belgium Nico Verdonck Germany Triple H Team Hegersport 4 8 2 11 8 Ret 10
37 Argentina José María López Germany Young Driver AMR Ret 5 10
38 Italy Alessandro Pier Guidi Germany Triple H Team Hegersport Ret 9 18 19 2 11 8 Ret 8
39= Germany Marc Basseng Germany All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport Ret 17 17 Ret 14 13 16 17 15 Ret DNS 19 Ret 17 8 Ret EX EX 14 6 8
39= Argentina Ricardo Risatti 14 6 8
40 Slovakia Štefan Rosina Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 17 8 4
41 France Stéphane Sarrazin France Hexis AMR 8 9 2
42= Sweden Max Nilsson
Japan Seiji Ara
Switzerland Swiss Racing Team 12 Ret 14 9 15 14 12 Ret 17 16 17 21 11 18 13 Ret 13 16 Ret 13 2
43= Austria Karl Wendlinger
Switzerland Henri Moser
Switzerland Swiss Racing Team 9 14 15 Ret 12 10 21 15 16 12 14 10 Ret 20 14 Ret 17 18 7 Ret 2
44 Finland Markus Palttala Belgium Marc VDS Racing Team Ret DNS 18 10 18 15 22 14 14 15 12 17 19 15 12 10 20 15 15 Ret 2
45 Belgium Renaud Kuppens Ret DNS 18 10 18 15 22 14 14 15 12 17 19 15 1
46 France Julien Jousse Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 7 14 0
47 Belgium Anthony Kumpen Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport 7 Ret Ret Ret 0
48 France Philippe Dumas France Hexis AMR 7 Ret 0
49 France Nicolas Prost Switzerland Matech Competition 8 16 20 12 0
50 France Christophe Bouchut Germany All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport 17 Ret 16 17 15 Ret Ret 17 8 Ret EX EX 0
51 Portugal Pedro Lamy Germany Young Driver AMR 15 11 0
52= Finland Pertti Kuismanen Belgium Mad-Croc Racing Ret 15 13 14 19 12 19 19 18 17 15 23 17 16 15 Ret 18 19 DNS DNS 0
52= Finland Mika Salo Ret 15 19 12 15 23 0
53 United Kingdom Oliver Gavin 13 14 19 19 18 17 0
54 Germany Thomas Jäger Germany All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport Ret 17 14 13 DNS 19 0
55 Netherlands Duncan Huisman Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 15 Ret 18 19 DNS DNS 0
56 France Laurent Cazenave 17 16 0
57 Brazil Francisco Longo
Brazil Daniel Serra
Germany Triple H Team Hegersport 16 17 0
58 Austria Nikolaus Mayr-Melnhof Germany Triple H Team Hegersport 18 19 0
59= Switzerland Cyndie Allemann Switzerland Matech Competition DNS DNS 22 18 0
59= Switzerland Rahel Frey 22 18 0
60= Switzerland Natacha Gachnang DNS DNS 18 Ret 0
60= France Olivier Panis 18 Ret 0
61 Brazil Claudio Dahruj Belgium Mad-Croc Racing 19 20 0
62 Czech Republic Jan Denis Germany Reiter 20 Ret 0
Pos Driver Team QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR Total
ABU
United Arab Emirates
SIL
United Kingdom
BRN
Czech Republic
PRI
France
SPA
Belgium
NÜR
Germany
ALG
Portugal
NAV
Spain
INT
Brazil
SAN
Argentina
Key
Colour Result
Gold Race winner
Silver 2nd place
Bronze 3rd place
Green Points finish
Blue Non-points finish
Non-classified finish (NC)
Purple Did not finish (Ret)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
Excluded (EX)
White Did not start (DNS)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did Not Participate

Teams' Championship

Prior to the Nürburgring round, Phoenix Racing / Carsport informed the FIA that they were no longer able to enter the No. 14 Corvette due to the car being returned to its private owner. Phoenix's inability to enter two cars for the remainder of the season led race stewards to deem the team to be in violation of GT1 regulations. This required the team to forfeit all points earned over the course of the season, and team points from the Nürburgring round onward would also be redistributed to other competitors finishing behind the remaining Phoenix entry.[65] Prior to the San Luis finale, Mad-Croc also failed to maintain a two-car entry and forfeited their Teams' Championship points.[82]

Pos Team Manufacturer Car ABU
United Arab Emirates
SIL
United Kingdom
BRN
Czech Republic
PRI
France
SPA
Belgium
NÜR
Germany
ALG
Portugal
NAV
Spain
INT
Brazil
SAN
Argentina
Total
QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR
1 Germany Vitaphone Racing Team Maserati 1 3 4 3 7 1 5 1 1 Ret 7 10 6 2 1 7 6 8 9 12 7 195
2 Ret 6 9 15 7 6 5 Ret 11 4 7 12 13 Ret Ret 12 4 1 16 14
2 France Hexis AMR Aston Martin 9 7 Ret 1 2 8 9 11 9 Ret 5 Ret 7 10 6 9 2 15 13 1 1 177
10 8 17 2 13 9 4 17 13 13 10 5 4 16 13 EX Ret 3 4 4 3
3 Germany Reiter Lamborghini 24 15 8 10 Ret DNS DNS 2 18 7 Ret 3 2 12 7 17 Ret 9 12 Ret 10 155
25 10 5 6 3 20 Ret 13 10 2 1 4 14 14 8 1 1 Ret Ret 5 4
4 Germany Young Driver AMR Aston Martin 7 Ret 11 4 EX 2 2 10 16 10 6 1 1 4 10 Ret 4 1 2 10 15 147
8 4 Ret Ret 5 11 Ret Ret 20 3 Ret 9 5 15 11 DNS DNS 12 11 Ret 5
5 Switzerland Matech Competition Ford 5 2 1 21 Ret 6 1 7 7 6 3 6 13 5 2 10 Ret Ret 14 2 2 135
6 DNS DNS 22 18 18 Ret 20 14 8 16 20 12 4 7 7 8 17 8
6 United Kingdom Sumo Power GT Nissan 22 13 12 5 1 21 17 3 8 19 11 16 8 9 Ret 5 3 14 Ret 13 16 130
23 11 16 8 Ret 3 3 9 2 8 Ret Ret 15 1 4 16 Ret 2 6 6 Ret
7 Germany Triple H Team Hegersport Maserati 33 5 9 NC 6 13 Ret 8 3 12 2 13 20 6 9 6 Ret 10 10 11 9 84
34 DNS 7 16 4 10 11 14 11 4 8 Ret 9 18 19 2 11 16 17 8 Ret
8 Belgium Marc VDS Racing Team Ford 40 6 13 19 8 16 Ret 20 4 9 Ret Ret 11 Ret 5 3 5 11 5 3 Ret 62
41 Ret DNS 18 10 18 15 22 14 14 15 12 17 19 15 12 10 20 15 15 Ret
9 Germany All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport Lamborghini 37 Ret 17 17 Ret 14 13 16 17 15 Ret DNS 19 Ret 17 8 Ret EX EX 14 6 28
38 Ret Ret 20 12 4 7 15 12 5 9 11 Ret 8 Ret Ret 9 5 7 9 11
10 Switzerland Swiss Racing Team Nissan 3 9 14 15 Ret 12 10 21 15 16 12 14 10 Ret 20 14 Ret 17 18 7 Ret 5
4 12 Ret 14 9 15 14 12 Ret 17 16 17 21 11 18 13 Ret 13 16 Ret 13
Germany Phoenix Racing / Carsport Corvette 13 1 2 11 Ret 17 8 6 5 EX 13 2 3 3 3 11 8 6 3 18 12
14 16 3 7 Ret Ret Ret
Belgium Mad-Croc Racing Corvette 11 14 10 12 11 5 15 4 6 1 Ret 18 18 7 14 19 20
12 Ret 15 13 14 19 12 19 19 18 17 15 23 17 16 15 Ret 18 19 DNS DNS
Pos Team Manufacturer Car QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR QR CR Total
ABU
United Arab Emirates
SIL
United Kingdom
BRN
Czech Republic
PRI
France
SPA
Belgium
NÜR
Germany
ALG
Portugal
NAV
Spain
INT
Brazil
SAN
Argentina
Key
Colour Result
Gold Race winner
Silver 2nd place
Bronze 3rd place
Green Points finish
Blue Non-points finish
Non-classified finish (NC)
Purple Did not finish (Ret)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
Excluded (EX)
White Did not start (DNS)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did Not Participate

SRO Trophy for Manufacturers

The SRO Trophy for Manufacturers was established mid-season by the SRO Group as an award for the best of the season's six manufacturers, although unlike the Drivers' and Teams' Championships it is not an official FIA championship. Rankings for the Trophy are based on the results for each car in both the Qualifying and Championship Races, with all finishing cars in points earning positions combining their points toward the manufacturer's total. Aston Martin secured the inaugural Trophy, having previously won the FIA GT Manufacturers' Cup in 2006.

Pos Manufacturer Points
1 United Kingdom Aston Martin 305
2 Italy Maserati 270
3 United States Ford 189
4 Italy Lamborghini 169
5 United States Corvette 131
6 Japan Nissan 127

References

  1. Sporting regulations – FIA GT1 World Championship Retrieved from www.fia.com on 26 August 2010
  2. "World Motor Sport Council, 21/10/2009". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2009-10-21. Archived from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
  3. "Sydney's Eastern Creek bids for World GT1 round". ausmotive.com. AUSMotive. 2009-07-08. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  4. "World Motor Sport Council, 11/12/2009". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2009-12-11. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
  5. "Latest News from the FIA GT1 World Championship". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2010-01-15. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  6. "GT1 first to test out new Silverstone track". FIA GT1 World Championship. SRO Group. 2010-03-10. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
  7. 1 2 3 "Press Conference transcript". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2009-07-25. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
  8. "GT1 global expansion continues". FIA GT1 World Championship. SRO Group. 2010-07-30. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  9. "World Motor Sport Council 08/09/2010". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2010-09-08. Archived from the original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  10. 1 2 "Test Days: Tout sur le Championnat du Monde GT1 2010 !". Endurance-Info.com (in French). Endurance Info. 2009-04-06. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
  11. "Navarra confirmed for eighth round". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2010-09-08. Archived from the original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  12. 1 2 Spurring, Quentin (2009-12-14). "FIA announces inaugural GT1 schedule, more". AutoWeek. Crain Communications. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  13. "F.A.Q.". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. Archived from the original on 24 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-02.
  14. "Yas Marina : Les premières brèves...". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-04-14. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
  15. "First 2010 GT1 Cars unveiled". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2009-04-06. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
  16. "Two Ford GT3 cars for Matech in the Total 24 Hours of Spa" (Press release). Matech GT Racing. 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2009-07-02.
  17. "Media Day press conference". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2009-04-07. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  18. "Aston Martin Racing customers eye GT1 World Championship". Planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  19. "L'évolution du World Championship vue par Stéphane Ratel.". Endurance-Info.com (in French). Endurance Info. 2009-10-20. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  20. "New horizons for HEXIS Racing AMR: the 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2009-07-23. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  21. "Winter Series : Deux Ford pour le Fischer Racing…". Endurance-Info.com (in French). Endurance Info. 2009-11-15. Archived from the original on 20 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  22. "Aston Martin Teams to Compete in new FIA GT World Championship". Aston Martin Racing. Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd. 2009-12-23. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  23. "Swiss Racing Team to run Nissan GT-R". Planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. 2009-11-05. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  24. Marcel ten Caat (2010-01-14). "NISMO announces FIA GT1 Championship teams". Planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "12 Teams Have Applied for Entry to the FIA GT1 World Championship". FIA GT Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  26. "Battle lines drawn for Abu Dhabi". FIA GT1 World Championship. SRO Group. 2010-04-10. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  27. "2010 FIA GT1 World Championship entry list". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
  28. "2010 full season entry list". gt1world.com. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2010-02-26. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
  29. 1 2 3 Laurent Mercier (2010-03-14). "Miguel Ramos rempile avec le Vitaphone Racing.". Endurance-Info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  30. Hundscheid, Marcel (2010-03-20). "Enrique Bernoldi rijdt voor Vitaphone in 2010". Sportdome.nl (in Dutch). SportDome. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 "Brazilian drivers descend on Interlagos". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 26 November 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  32. 1 2 "Wendlinger to drive Nissan in GT1". Autosport.com. Haymarket Group. 2010-01-27. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  33. "Swiss Racing Team : Henri Moser épaulera Karl Wendlinger.". Endurance-Info.com. 2010-02-01. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  34. "Ara to drive Swiss Racing Nissan". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 2010-04-05. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  35. Beer, Matt (2010-03-26). "Grosjean makes World GT1 move". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-26.
  36. 1 2 3 4 "Spa Entry List" (PDF). fia.com. FIA. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
  37. Laurent Mercier (2010-07-16). "Neel Jani et Richard Westbrook chez Matech Competition.". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 18 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
  38. 1 2 3 "Matech Competition: Bernoldi joins Mutsch". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stephane Ratel Organisation. 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
  39. 1 2 3 "Brno Entry List" (PDF). fia.com. FIA. Retrieved 2010-05-15.
  40. "HTTT : Olivier Panis sur une Ford/Matech avec Natacha Gachnang.". Endurance-Info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-06-22. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
  41. Laurent Mercier (2010-08-17). "Nicolas Prost remplace Romain Grosjean chez Matech !". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
  42. "Navarra Entry List" (PDF). fia.com. FIA. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  43. 1 2 3 4 "Enge and Mucke switch to GT1 Aston". Autosport. Haymarket Group. 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  44. "Round 7: Algarve entry list" (PDF). fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  45. "Entry list for San Luis". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 2 December 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  46. "Deletraz to Race in GT1 World with Hexis AMR". FIA GT Championship. Stephane Ratel Organisation. 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  47. "Philippe Dumas remplace Jean-Denis Deletraz chez HEXIS AMR.". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-04-16. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  48. Wilkinson, Andy (2010-04-29). "Accary replaces Deletraz at Hexis AMR". motorstv.com. Motors TV. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
  49. Wilkinson, Andy (2010-05-13). "Sarrazin joins Hexis AMR for Brno & Paul Ricard". motorstv.com. Motors TV. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  50. Laurent Mercier (2010-08-17). "Yann Clairay nouveau coéquipier de Fred Mako...". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  51. "Clivio Piccione troisième homme du HEXIS AMR.". Endurance-Info.com. 2010-03-03. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
  52. "Hirschi at Hexis AMR". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stephane Ratel Organisation. 2010-03-11. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
  53. "Maassen joins Mad-Croc". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stephane Ratel Organisation. 2010-03-11. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
  54. "Alex Müller dernier pilote du Mad Croc Racing.". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-04-12. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  55. "Silverstone : Nicolas Armindo sur la Corvette Mad Croc...". endurance-info.com. Endurance-Info. 2010-04-29. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
  56. "Second Phoenix Corvette rising from the ashes?". planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. 2010-07-27. Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
  57. Laurent Mercier (2010-09-16). "Portimao : Julien Jousse partagé entre Corvette et AS Roma...". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  58. 1 2 3 Marcel ten Caat (2010-02-17). "Gavin and Salo to race for Mad Croc Racing". Planetlemans.com. Archived from the original on 20 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  59. Laurent Mercier (2010-09-14). "Portimao : Laurent Cazenave sur une Corvette/Mad Croc...". endurance-info.com. Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  60. Marcel ten Caat (2010-09-28). "Duncan Huisman joins Mad Croc Racing". planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "FIA Entry List" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  62. 1 2 "Zuber tipped to impress in GT1". Autosport. Haymarket Media. 2010-03-04. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
  63. "FIA Entry List Paul Ricard (FRA) – 04 July 2010" (PDF). FIA.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  64. Laurent Mercier (2010-07-29). "Spa : Phoenix Racing au menu des brèves...". endurance-info.com. Endurance-Info. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  65. 1 2 3 Marcel Ten Caat (2010-08-27). "GT1 Nürburgring: Practice update and latest news!". planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. Archived from the original on 29 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
  66. "Andrea Piccini renforce le Phoenix Racing Carsport.". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-04-12. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  67. "Silverstone : Anthony Kumpen retrouve Mike Hezemans.". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-04-28. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  68. 1 2 Freeman, Glenn (ed.) (2010-03-18). "Pit & Paddock: Sumo signs Hughes and Campbell-Walter". Autosport. 199 (11): 19.
  69. 1 2 Anderson, Ben (2010-02-11). "Dumbreck seals GT1 deal". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  70. 1 2 ten Caat, Marcel (2010-02-07). "FIA GT Championships – News update". PlanetLeMans.com. Planet Le Mans. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
  71. "Silverstone : Quelques brèves supplémentaires...". endurance-info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. 2010-04-30. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  72. Wilkinson, Andy (2010-04-30). "Several changes to Silverstone grid". motorstv.com. Motors TV. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  73. "Lamborghini fastest in Free Practice". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 4 December 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  74. 1 2 3 Laurent Mercier (2010-03-15). "Bert Longin associé à Matteo Bobbi sur la MC12 Triple H.". Endurance-Info.com (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  75. Laurent Mercier (2010-07-27). "Spa : Alex Müller revient dans le giron Maserati.". endurance-info.com. Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
  76. Laurent Mercier (2010-10-23). "Navarra : Photos et brèves du vendredi...". endurance-info.com. Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
  77. Burkia, Alessandro (2010-09-17). "Bert Longin lascia Triple H per il titolo Belcar". 422race.com (in Italian). 4:2:2 Race. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  78. "La lista des pilotes quasiment complète...". Endurance-Info.com. Endurance-Info. 2010-04-10. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  79. "Risatti brings home advantage to All-Inkl Lamborghini". FIA GT1 World Championship. Stéphane Ratel Organisation. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  80. "Matteo Bobbi joins Marc VDS Racing Team". planetlemans.com. Planet Le Mans. 2010-10-06. Archived from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  81. "GT1 adopts F1 points system". FIA GT1 World Championship. SRO Group. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
  82. John Dagys (2010-12-05). "GT1: San Luis Saturday Notebook". SpeedTV.com. Speed Channel. Retrieved 2010-12-09.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 in FIA GT1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/21/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.