3-Aminoisobutyric acid

3-Aminoisobutyric acid

Names
IUPAC name 3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid
Other names 3-Aminoisobutyrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	144-90-1
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:27389
ChemSpider	58481
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.132
KEGG	C05145
PubChem	64956
InChI InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-3(2-5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Key: QCHPKSFMDHPSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C4H9NO2/c1-3(2-5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Key: QCHPKSFMDHPSNR-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES CC(CN)C(=O)O O=C(O)C(C)CN
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H9NO2
Molar mass	103.12 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

3-Aminoisobutyric acid (or β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine.

During exercise, the increase of PGC-1α protein triggers the secretion of BAIBA from exercising muscles to blood (concentration 2 to 3 µM in human serum). When BAIBA reaches the white fat tissue, it activates the expression of thermogenic genes via PPARα receptors, resulting in a browning of white fat cells.^[1] One of the consequences of the BAIBA activity is the increase of the background metabolism of the BAIBA target cells.

It has recently been postulated to play a role in cell metabolism, how body burns fat and regulates insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol.^[2]

References

1. Roberts, Lee D.; Boström, Pontus; o'Sullivan, John F.; Schinzel, Robert T.; Lewis, Gregory D.; Dejam, Andre; Lee, Youn-Kyoung; Palma, Melinda J.; Calhoun, Sondra; Georgiadi, Anastasia; Chen, Ming-Huei; Ramachandran, Vasan S.; Larson, Martin G.; Bouchard, Claude; Rankinen, Tuomo; Souza, Amanda L.; Clish, Clary B.; Wang, Thomas J.; Estall, Jennifer L.; Soukas, Alexander A.; Cowan, Chad A.; Spiegelman, Bruce M.; Gerszten, Robert E. (2014). "Β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Induces Browning of White Fat and Hepatic β-Oxidation and is Inversely Correlated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors". Cell Metabolism. 19 (1): 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.003. PMC 4017355. PMID 24411942.
2. "Researchers discover molecule behind the benefits of exercise". Medical Express.