413 BC

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	6th century BC · 5th century BC · 4th century BC
Decades:	440s BC · 430s BC · 420s BC · 410s BC · 400s BC · 390s BC · 380s BC
Years:	416 BC · 415 BC · 414 BC · 413 BC · 412 BC · 411 BC · 410 BC

413 BC in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	413 BC CDXII BC
Ab urbe condita	341
Ancient Egypt era	XXVII dynasty, 113
- Pharaoh	Darius II of Persia, 11
Ancient Greek era	91st Olympiad, year 4
Assyrian calendar	4338
Bengali calendar	−1005
Berber calendar	538
Buddhist calendar	132
Burmese calendar	−1050
Byzantine calendar	5096–5097
Chinese calendar	丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit) 2284 or 2224     — to — 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 2285 or 2225
Coptic calendar	−696 – −695
Discordian calendar	754
Ethiopian calendar	−420 – −419
Hebrew calendar	3348–3349
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	−356 – −355
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2688–2689
Holocene calendar	9588
Iranian calendar	1034 BP – 1033 BP
Islamic calendar	1066 BH – 1065 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	1921
Minguo calendar	2324 before ROC 民前2324年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1880
Thai solar calendar	130–131

Year 413 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cossus and Medullinus (or, less frequently, year 341 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 413 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Greece

• After suffering a defeat in which the Athenian commander Lamachus is killed, Demosthenes suggests that they immediately give up the siege of Syracuse and return to Athens, where they are needed to defend against a Spartan invasion of Attica. Nicias refuses, but the Syracusans and Spartans under Hermocrates are able to trap the Athenians in the harbour and the Athenians sustain heavy losses in the Battle of Syracuse. Demosthenes is ambushed by the Syracusans and is forced to surrender. Nicias is soon captured as well, and both are executed, with most of the surviving Athenian soldiers sent to work in the Sicilian quarries.
• Tissaphernes, the Persian satrap of Lydia and Caria, forms an alliance with Sparta. The Spartans, with strategic advice from Alcibiades and limited assistance from the Persians under Pharnabazus, advance almost to the gates of Athens. King Agis II leads the Spartan force that occupies Decelea in Attica.
• Archelaus I becomes King of Macedonia following the death of his father, King Perdiccas II. Archelaus seizes the throne after murdering his uncle, his cousin, and his half brother, the legitimate heir.

By topic

Drama

• Euripides' play Electra is performed.

Births

Deaths

• Demosthenes, Athenian general
• Nicias, Athenian soldier and statesman (b. 470 BC)
• Perdiccas II, Macedonian king

References

413 - Also a widely known reference in the popular webcomic Homestuck, because Homestuck started on 4/13.