Khalid Ibrahim

Yang Berhormat Tan Sri Dato' Seri Khalid Ibrahim MP, MLA
Menteri Besar of Selangor
In office 13 March 2008 – 22 September 2014
Monarch	Sharafuddin Idris Shah
Preceded by	Khir Toyo
Succeeded by	Azmin Ali
Member of the Malaysian Parliament for Bandar Tun Razak
Incumbent
Assumed office 8 March 2008
Preceded by	Tan Chai Ho
Majority	2,515
Member of the Selangor State Assembly for Port Klang
Incumbent
Assumed office 6 May 2013
Preceded by	Badrul Hisham Abdullah
Majority	2,994
Member of the Selangor State Assembly for Ijok
In office 8 March 2008 – 5 May 2013
Preceded by	K. Parthiban
Succeeded by	Idris Ahmad
Majority	1,920
Personal details
Born	Abd Khalid bin Ibrahim 14 December 1946 Jeram, Selangor, Malayan Union (now Malaysia)
Citizenship	Malaysian
Political party	United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) (1979–1998) People's Justice Party (PKR) (2007-2014) Independent (2014- )
Spouse(s)	Salbiah Tunut
Alma mater	University of Malaya University of Queensland
Occupation	Lecturer, businessman, politician
Religion	Sunni Islam

Tan Sri Dato' Seri Abd Khalid bin Ibrahim (born 14 December 1946) is a Malaysian politician and businessman who served as the 14th Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the state of Selangor from 2008 to 2014. He was elected to the Selangor State Assembly and the Parliament of Malaysia in 2008 as a member of the People's Justice Party, but became an independent in August 2014, coinciding with his resignation as Menteri Besar. He was sacked from the party for his refusal to vacate his Selangor Mentri Besar post.

Early life and business career

Khalid was born in the village of Kampung Jalan Raja Abdullah in Kuala Selangor district, Selangor. He graduated from the University of Malaya with a Bachelor's Degree in Economics and later obtained an MBA from the University of Queensland.^[1]

Khalid began his career as a university lecturer. In 1979 he joined the United Malays National Organisation, the leading party in Malaysia's ruling Barisan Nasional coalition.^[2] In the same year, he became the chief executive of the government-controlled fund management firm Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB), a position he held until 1994.^[1] In 1981, he became famous for leading the "dawn raid" on the London Stock Exchange, which resulted in PNB gaining a 51% share in British plantation concern Guthrie in less than two hours. He later became the CEO of the Malaysianized Guthrie, now known as Kumpulan Guthrie Bhd, from 1995 to 2003.^[1]

Political career

In 2006, Khalid joined the opposition People's Justice Party ("Parti Keadlian Rakyat", PKR), founded by the former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim, and became the party's treasurer-general. The party selected him as its candidate for a by-election for the Selangor State Legislative Assembly seat of Ijok, which he lost to K. Parthiban of the Malaysian Indian Congress, a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition.^[3]

In the 2008 general election, he contested the federal parliamentary seat of Bandar Tun Razak and re-contested the Selangor State Assembly seat of Ijok. He won both seats, while the opposition Pakatan Rakyat coalition made unprecedented gains and took a majority in the Selangor State Assembly. Khalid was appointed as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Selangor and was sworn in on 13 March 2008. He was the first person not of the Barisan Nasional coalition to hold the post.^[4]

In his first term, Khalid's government implemented a policy of delivering to each Selangor household an initial 20 cubic metres of water each year free of charge. The State Assembly also passed the country's first freedom of information legislation. It was in these areas—social policy and government transparency—that his administration was able to make the most progress. But in some cases, differences between the partners in the governing coalition, which included social democrats (the Democratic Action Party (DAP)) and an overtly Islamic party (the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)), proved difficult to reconcile.^[5] For example, in 2009 Khalid rejected a move by PAS to draft legislation banning the sale of alcohol in Muslim-majority neighbourhoods.^[6]

In the 2013 general election, Khalid's Pakatan Rakyat coalition increased its majority in the Selangor State Assembly, winning 44 out of its 56 seats. While Khalid's PKR won fewer seats than the DAP and PAS, he retained the position of Menteri Besar.^[7]

In early 2014, PKR's national leader, Anwar Ibrahim, then a federal parliamentarian, sought to contest the Selangor State Assembly seat of Kajang in a by-election. The so-called "Kajang move" would have allowed Anwar to oust Khalid as Menteri Besar with PKR's support. Anwar's conviction on a charge of sodomy caused Anwar's wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, to take over Anwar's presidency of PKR and the nomination of the by-election, which she won. In July, the party nominated Wan Azizah as its preferred Menteri Besar.^[8] The following month, Khalid was expelled from the party after he refused to comply with its direction for him to resign as the state's premier and make way for Wan Azizah.^[9] Khalid sacked the PKR and DAP members of Selangor's Cabinet-like Executive Council,^[10] and continued to administer the state as an independent assemblyman with the remaining four councillors from PAS.^[11] Khalid ultimately resigned on 26 August 2014, it being clear that he could no longer command the confidence of the State Assembly.^[12] He remained in office while Sultan Sharafuddin of Selangor deliberated on whom to appoint as his replacement, before settling on PKR's deputy president Azmin Ali, who was sworn in on 23 September 2014. After Azmin assumed office, the Sultan praised Khalid for leading the state "successfully and perfectly" and criticised the manner in which he had been ousted from the state's premiership by his own party.^[13]

References

1. "Fact boxes on Ijok (subscription required)". malaysiakini.com. 19 April 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
2. "Sacked from party, Khalid set to join past Selangor MBs who fell from grace". Malaysian Insider. 10 August 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
3. "Khalid is Keadilan's pick for Ijok". The Sun (Malaysia). 18 April 2007. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
4. "Khalid Ibrahim sworn-in as new Selangor Mentri Besar". The New Straits Times. 13 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2008.
5. Harding, Andrew (2012). "Chapter 5". The Constitution of Malaysia: A Contextual Analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1847319831.
6. Mazlinda Mahmood (8 August 2009). "Khalid: Alcohol sales to continue". New Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
7. "GE13: Pakatan retains Selangor with 44 seats". fz.com. 6 May 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
8. "No surprise as PKR endorses Wan Azizah for Selangor MB post". Malaysian Insider. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
9. "Khalid Ibrahim expelled from PKR effective immediately". Astro Awani. 9 August 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
10. Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (12 August 2014). "Khalid flexes muscle, sacks PKR, DAP excos". Malay Mail. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
11. Ruban, A. (20 August 2014). "Selangor MB crisis: PAS exco member throws support behind Khalid". The Star. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
12. Nuradilla Noorazam (26 August 2014). "S'gor Sultan defers Khalid's resignation until Pakatan names more candidates". New Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
13. Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (26 September 2014). "Khalid was a wronged man, says Sultan of Selangor in surprising speech". New Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2014.