Aerococcus

Aerococcus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Firmicutes
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Lactobacillales
Family:	Aerococcaceae
Genus:	Aerococcus Williams et al., 1953
Type species
A. viridans Williams et al., 1953

Aerococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).^[1] The genus was first identified in 1953 from samples of air and dust as a catalase negative Gram positive coccus that grew in small clusters.^[2] They were subsequently found in hospital environments and meat-curing brines.^[3] It has been difficult to identify as it resembles alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus on blood agar plates and is difficult to identify by biochemical means.^[4] Sequencing of 16S rRNA have become the gold standard for identification, but other techniques such as MALDI-TOF have also been useful for identifying both the genus and species.^[4]

Etymology

The name Aerococcus derives from the Greek masculine-gender noun aer, aeros (ἀήρ, ἀέρος), air; New Latin masculine gender noun coccus (from Greek noun kokkos (κόκκος)), a berry; New Latin masculine gender noun Aerococcus, air coccus.^[5] The name was given based on its round shape and that it was first discovered in air samples.^[2]

Species

The genus contains these species:^[5]

• A. christensenii Collins et al., 1999, named after the Danish microbiologist Jens J. Christensen^[6]
• A. sanguinicola Lawson et al., 2001 (from the Latin for blood-dweller)^[7]
• A. suis Vela et al., 2007 (Latin for "of a hog")^[8]
• A. urinae Aguirre & Collins, 1992 (Latin for "of urine")^[9]
• A. urinaeequi (Garvie, 1988) Felis et al., 2005 (Latin for "of the urine of a horse", source of isolation of the type strain)^[10]
• A. urinaehominis Lawson et al., 2001 (Latin for "of the urine of a human", source of isolation of the type strain)^[11]
• A. viridans Williams et al., 1953 – type species of the genus (Latin for "making green", producing a green color).^[12] Causative agent of gaffkaemia, a disease of lobsters.^[13]

See also

• Bacterial taxonomy
• Microbiology

References

1. Classification of Genera AC entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655.]
2. Williams, R. E. O.; Hirch, A.; Cowan, S. T. (1953-06-01). "Aerococcus, a New Bacterial Genus". Journal of General Microbiology. 8 (3): 475–480. doi:10.1099/00221287-8-3-475.
3. Aguirre, M.; Collins, M. D. (1993-05-01). "Development of a polymerase chain reaction test for specific identification of the urinary tract pathogen Aerococcus urinae". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 31 (5): 1350–1353. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 262936. PMID 7684752.
4. Rasmussen, Magnus (Jun 2013). "Aerococci and aerococcal infections". Journal of Infection. 66 (6): 467–474. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.12.006. PMID 23277106.
5. Aerococcus entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655.]
6. "Note: Aerococcus christensenii sp. nov., from the human vagina". Ijs.sgmjournals.org. 1999-07-01. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
7. "Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 2, of the IJSEM". Ijs.sgmjournals.org. 2001-05-01. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
8. Vela, A. I.; Garcia, N.; Latre, M. V.; Casamayor, A.; Sanchez-Porro, C.; Briones, V.; Ventosa, A.; Dominguez, L.; Fernandez-Garayzabal, J. F. (2007). "Aerococcus suis sp. Nov., isolated from clinical specimens from swine". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 57 (6): 1291–1294. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64537-0.
9. "Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB". Ijs.sgmjournals.org. 1992-07-01. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
10. Giovanna E. Felis; Sandra Torriani; Franco Dellaglio (2005-01-14). "Reclassification of Pediococcus urinaeequi (ex Mees 1934) Garvie 1988 as Aerococcus urinaeequi comb. nov". Ijs.sgmjournals.org. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
11. P A Lawson; E Falsen; M Ohlén; M D Collins (2001-03-01). "Aerococcus urinaehominis sp. nov., isolated from human urine". Ijs.sgmjournals.org. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
12. "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names". Ijs.sgmjournals.org. 1980-01-01. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
13. Spencer J. Greenwood; Ian R. Keith; Béatrice M. Després; Richard J. Cawthorn (2005). "Genetic characterization of the lobster pathogen Aerococcus viridans var. homari by 16S rRNA gene sequence and RAPD" (PDF). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 63 (2–3): 237–246. doi:10.3354/dao063237. PMID 15819439.