Albion River

Albion River
river
Country United States
State California
Region Mendocino County
Source
 - location 12 mi (19 km) southwest of Willits
 - elevation 800 ft (244 m)
 - coordinates 39°15′10″N 123°32′32″W / 39.25278°N 123.54222°W / 39.25278; -123.54222 [1]
Mouth Pacific Ocean
 - location Albion, California
 - elevation 0 ft (0 m)
 - coordinates 39°13′38″N 123°46′13″W / 39.22722°N 123.77028°W / 39.22722; -123.77028Coordinates: 39°13′38″N 123°46′13″W / 39.22722°N 123.77028°W / 39.22722; -123.77028 [1]
Basin 43 sq mi (111 km2)

The Albion River is an 18.1-mile-long (29.1 km) river in Mendocino County, California. The river drains about 43 square miles (110 km2) on the Mendocino Coast and empties into the Pacific Ocean near the town of Albion, California, where California State Route 1 crosses it on the Albion River Bridge. The river's overall direction is east to west, but it moves significantly in the north-south direction. The tributaries of the river include Railroad Gulch, Pleasant Valley Creek, Duck Pond Gulch, South Fork Albion River, Tom Bell Creek, North Fork Albion River, and Marsh Creek. The river's most inland point is only 15 miles (24 km) from the coast, and its highest elevation is about 1,570 feet (480 m) above sea level. There is a large estuary at the mouth of the river, and tidal waters travel up to 5 miles (8 km) upstream. The Albion River was previously used to power a sawmill on the river mouth, but there are no major dams or reservoirs on the river. The river provides recreation, groundwater recharge and industrial water supply for the community of Albion, and wildlife habitat including cold freshwater habitat for fish migration and spawning.[2]

History

The river is named for Albion, the ancient name for Britain. The name was originally applied to a land grant in 1884 by William A. Richardson, and the river inherited the name of the grant.[3] Captain Richardson built a sawmill near the mouth of the river in 1853. The mill was converted to steam power in 1856 and burned in 1867. The mill was rebuilt to cut 35,000 board feet (83 m3) of lumber per day.[4] Construction of the Albion River Railroad began in 1885 to bring logs downstream to the sawmill.[5] In 1891 the sawmill operators incorporated the Albion Lumber Company headquartered in San Francisco, where a planing mill and lumber drying facilities were constructed at the foot of 6th street. In 1892 Albion Lumber Company was purchased by Standish-Hickey of Michigan, who constructed a company town near the mouth of the river in 1895.[4] A second sawmill was built at Brett, about three miles (5 km) upstream of the mouth, in 1903. By 1905, the railway extended up Railroad Gulch and over Keen's Summit into the Navarro River watershed. A railway branch line extended within 1 mile (2 km) of Comptche, California. The railroad became Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway subsidiary Fort Bragg and Southeastern Railroad in 1905, and Albion Lumber Company was purchased by Southern Pacific Transportation Company in 1907. Santa Fe and Southern Pacific merged the 24-mile (40 km) Fort Bragg and Southeastern Railroad into the Northwestern Pacific Railroad in 1907, but the railroad never actually connected to the Northwestern Pacific main line up the Russian River. Trains carried lumber to the mouth of the Albion River where it was loaded onto ships bound for San Francisco. The last log went through the Albion sawmill on 19 May 1928, and the railroad ceased operation on 16 January 1930. The railroad was dismantled for scrap in 1937.[5]

Logging of the watershed has continued. Logging is the cause of the main environmental problem facing the river, excessive sedimentation. Only a small percentage of the land is second-growth forest and only a tiny amount is old-growth. Most of the land is third and fourth-growth forest. Over half of the land in the watershed is owned by Mendocino Redwood Company. About a fifth is made up of parcels owned by other lumber companies. The rest is made up of a few ranches, numerous private residences and some public land.

In 2002, Alaska businessmen and former Reagan administration Interior Department official Ric Davidge announced plans to collect water from the Albion and Gualala rivers in large bags and tow it several hundred miles south to San Diego as drinking water.[6] However, the plan drew local opposition,[7][8][9] and was eventually shelved after the state government passed new laws requiring extensive studies of the effects on fish habitats before any such plan could proceed.[10][11] The governor later signed a law declaring the two rivers as recreational areas, preventing similar attempts at exploiting their resources.[12]

Railway mileposts

Albion Lumber Company locomotives

Number Builder Type Date Works number Notes[13]
1 Lima Locomotive Works Shay locomotive 5 March 1907 1906 built as Stearns Lumber Company #1; became Navarro Lumber Company #1 in 1914; purchased in August, 1921; scrapped in 1937
2 Lima Locomotive Works wood-burning 3-cylinder Shay locomotive 27 March 1906 1669 purchased new as #123; renumbered in 1921; scrapped in 1937

References

  1. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Albion River
  2. ↑ State of California Water Quality Control Plan North Coastal Basin 1B July 1975 p.13
  3. ↑ Gudde, Erwin; William Bright (2004). California Place Names (Fourth ed.). University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-520-24217-3.
  4. 1 2 Carranco, Lynwood (1982). Redwood Lumber Industry. Golden West Books. p. 204. ISBN 0-87095-084-3.
  5. 1 2 3 Stindt, Fred A. (1978). The Northwestern Pacific Railroad: Redwood Empire Route (3rd ed.). Kelseyville, California: Fred A. Stindt. pp. 44–45,54&91. ASIN: B0007F4A2M.
  6. ↑ Leavenworth, Stuart (January 30, 2002), "Alaska Firm Wants to Pump Water, Ship It South to San Diego", Sacramento Bee.
  7. ↑ Locke, Michele (March 1, 2002), "Residents aghast at plan to move water south in big bags", The Daily Courier, Associated Press.
  8. ↑ Martin, Gretchen (April 5, 2002), "Residents organize against 'water grab'", Mendocino Beacon.
  9. ↑ Bailey, Eric (March 2, 2002), "Plan to Bag Rivers May Not Float: An entrepreneur's bid to tug giant sacks of fresh North Coast water to San Diego stirs up anger amid the skepticism", Los Angeles Times.
  10. ↑ Payne, Paul (September 28, 2002), "Davis signs bill to scuttle water export: Fish habitat study would delay plan to tap Albion, Gualala Rivers for San Diego", Santa Rosa Press-Democrat.
  11. ↑ Wang, Ucilia (December 14, 2002), "Alaskan dumps water bag proposal: Plan to export Gualala, Albion water to Southern California drew heat on North Coast", Santa Rosa Press-Democrat.
  12. ↑ Flynn, Kathleen (July 30, 2003), "Davis Signs Bill Declaring Rivers as Recreational: The measure would prevent companies from damming, diverting or exporting water from designated areas of the Albion and Gualala", Los Angeles Times.
  13. ↑ Koch, Michael (1971). The Shay Locomotive Titan of the Timber. The World Press. pp. 419&424.

See also

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