Alice Boughton

Alice Boughton
"Dawn", by Alice Boughton. The photogravure was published in Camera Work, 1909
Born	May 14, 1866 Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Died	June 21, 1943 (aged 77) Bay Shore, New York, U.S.
Cause of death	Pneumonia
Nationality	American
Occupation	Photographer
Years active	1890–1931
Parent(s)	William H. Boughton Frances Ayres

Alice Boughton (14 May 1866 – 21 June 1943) was an early 20th-century American photographer known for her photographs of many literary and theatrical figures of her time. She was a Fellow of Alfred Stieglitz's Photo-Secession, a circle of photographers whose artistic efforts succeeded in raising photography to a fine art form.

Life

Alice Boughton was born in Brooklyn, New York, on 14 May 1866.^[1][2] Her parents were Frances Ayres and William H. Boughton, a lawyer in New York.^[3]

New Woman

As educational opportunities were made more available in the 19th-century, women artists became part of professional enterprises, including founding their own art associations. Artwork made by women was considered to be inferior, and to help overcome that stereotype women became "increasingly vocal and confident" in promoting women's work, and thus became part of the emerging image of the educated, modern and freer "New Woman".^[4] Artists then, "played crucial roles in representing the New Woman, both by drawing images of the icon and exemplyfying this emerging type through their own lives."^[5]

In the 1880s, Boughton began studying art and photography at the Pratt School of Art and Design. It was there that she met fellow student Gertrude Käsebier, with whom she later studied in Paris. Käsebier also employed her an assistant in her studio, most likely at the same time Boughton was studying at Pratt.^[6]

In 1890, she opened her own portrait studio on East 23rd Street in New York, which she maintained for the next forty years. In 1904, she sent a letter to William Butler Yeats that listed a studio address on Madison Avenue, indicating that she established or used more than one studio for at least a brief period.^[1]

Around 1901, Boughton studied art in Rome and photography in Paris, where she worked in Käsebier’s summer studio. She won an honorable mention for her work at the Turn International Decorative and Fine Arts Exhibition in 1902.^[3]

It is not known when she met Alfred Stieglitz, but it is clear he knew of and admired her work by 1902 when he included two of her works in the inaugural exhibition at his Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession in New York City. Four years later, in 1906, Boughton was appointed by Stieglitz as a Fellow of the Photo-Secession. The following year Stieglitz gave her, along with fellow photographers C. Yarnall Abbot and William B. Dyer, an exhibition at the Little Galleries. In 1909 she had six of her photographs and an essay called “Photography, A Medium of Expression” published in Stieglitz's journal Camera Work (No 26, April, 1909).

During this same period, her photographs were included in major exhibitions around the world, including shows in London, Paris, Vienna, The Hague and New York.^[3]

Boughton became one of the most distinguished portrait photographers of New York, although she did many landscapes in this country and Europe including the famous Rockefeller estate Kykuit at Pocantico Hills, New York. She produced studies of children, as well as female nudes in allegorical or natural settings.^[7] Among her more famous works are portraits of Eugene O'Neill, Albert Pinkham Ryder, George Arliss and Robert Louis Stevenson. Her portrait of Robert Louis Stevenson was an inspiration for John Singer Sargent's own portrait of the writer.^[8]

From at least 1920 until her death, Boughton shared her residences with artist and art teacher Ida Haskell (1861–1932). Haskell is known to have been an instructor at Pratt while Käsebier and Boughton studied there.^[9] When Boughton traveled to Europe in 1926, Haskell accompanied her on the trip.^[1] The exact nature of their relationship is unknown.

In 1931, Boughton closed her studio and discarded thousands of prints.^[3] She moved permanently to the home in Brookhaven, Long Island, that she shared with Haskell.

Boughton died of pneumonia on 21 June 1943.

Her works are in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the British National Portrait Gallery, the U.S. National Portrait Gallery, the George Eastman House and other important museums.

Work and publications

A collection of her portraits, Photographing the Famous, was published in 1928, and included such luminaries as William Butler Yeats, Julia Ward Howe, Henry James, Walter de la Mare, G. K. Chesterton, Maxim Gorky, John Burroughs, Ruth St. Denis, Eleonora Duse and Yvette Guilbert.

Her work was also published in Camera Work in 1909.^[10]

• Boughton, Alice (1928). Photographing the Famous. New York: Avondale Press.
• Boughton, Alice (1909). Camera Work.

References

1. "Alice Boughton". The Hamlet People. Brookhaven and South Haven Hamlets. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
2. "Obituary for Alice Boughton". Long Island Advance. Brookhaven and South Haven Hamlets. 23 June 1943. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
3. Weston Naef (1978). The Collection of Alfred Stieglitz: Fifty Pioneers of Modern Photography. NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 275–77–88.
4. Laura R. Prieto. At Home in the Studio: The Professionalization of Women Artists in America. Harvard University Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-674-00486-3. pp. 145–146.
5. Laura R. Prieto. At Home in the Studio: The Professionalization of Women Artists in America. Harvard University Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-674-00486-3. p. 160–161.
6. Barbara L. Michaels (1992). Gertrude Käsebier, The Photographer and Her Photographs. NY: Abrams. p. 55.
7. "Alice Boughton (1865-1943)". Retrieved 2008-06-10.
8. "John Singer Sargent and Robert Louis Stevenson". Archived from the original on 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
9. Judith Fryer Davidov and Donald Pease (1998). Women’s Camera Work: Self/Body/Other in American Visual Culture. Duke University Press. p. 403.
10. "Vernacular Photography". Retrieved 2008-06-10.