Amblygonite

Amblygonite
General
Category Phosphate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)		 (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH)
Strunz classification 8.BB.05
Crystal system Triclinic
Crystal class Pinacoidal (1)
H-M Symbol: (1)
Space group C1
Identification
Color Generally white or creamy, but can also be colorless or pale yellow, green, blue, beige, gray, brown or pink.
Crystal habit Prismatic to columnar form
Twinning Microscopic polysynthetic twinning common
Cleavage [100] Perfect, [110] Good, [011] Distinct
Fracture Irregular/Uneven,Sub-Conchoidal
Mohs scale hardness 5.5 - 6[1]
Luster Vitreous to pearly[1]
Specific gravity 2.98 - 3.11
Polish luster greasy to vitreous (in gem material)[1]
Optical properties Double refractive, biaxial, may be either positive or negative[1]
Refractive index na=1.577 - 1.591,
nb=1.592 - 1.605,
nc=1.596 - 1.613
Birefringence .020 - .027[1]
Pleochroism weak to none[1]
Ultraviolet fluorescence very weak green in long wave, light blue phosphorescence in long wave and short wave [1]

Amblygonite is a fluorophosphate mineral, (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH), composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and flame test for lithium are diagnostic. Amblygonite forms a series with montebrasite, the low fluorine endmember. Geologic occurrence is in granite pegmatites, high-temperature tin veins, and greisens. Amblygonite occurs with spodumene, apatite, lepidolite, tourmaline, and other lithium-bearing minerals in pegmatite veins. It contains about 10% lithium, and has been utilized as a source of lithium. The chief commercial sources have historically been the deposits of California and France.

History

The mineral was first discovered in Saxony by August Breithaupt in 1817, and named by him from the Greek amblus, blunt, and gonia, angle, because of the obtuse angle between the cleavages. Later it was found at Montebras, Creuse, France, and at Hebron in Maine; and because of slight differences in optical character and chemical composition the names montebrasite and hebronite have been applied to the mineral from these localities. It has been discovered in considerable quantity at Pala in San Diego county, California; Caceres, Spain; and the Black Hills of South Dakota. The largest documented single crystal of amblygonite measured 7.62×2.44×1.83 m3 and weighed ~102 tons.[2]

Gemology

Transparent amblygonite has been faceted and used as a gemstone. As a gemstone set into jewelry it is vulnerable to breakage and abrasion from general wear, as its hardness and toughness are poor.[1] The main sources for gem material are Brazil and the United States. Australia, France, Germany, Namibia, Norway, and Spain have also produced gem quality amblygonite.[1]

Amblygonite from Taquaral, Itinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Scale at bottom is one inch, with a rule at one cm.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (Gia), Gemological. Gem Reference Guide. City: Gemological Institute of America (GIA), 1988. ISBN 0-87311-019-6
  2. ↑ P. C. Rickwood (1981). "The largest crystals" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 66: 885–907.

See also

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