Amelia Edwards

Amelia Edwards
Born Amelia Ann Blandford Edwards
7 June 1831
London
Died 15 April 1892
Weston-super-Mare
Occupation
Bust of Amelia Edwards, Petrie Museum, University College, London

Amelia Ann Blanford Edwards (7 June 1831 – 15 April 1892), also known as Amelia B. Edwards,[1] was an English novelist, journalist, traveller and Egyptologist. Her most successful literary works included the ghost story "The Phantom Coach" (1864), the novels Barbara's History (1864) and Lord Brackenbury (1880), and the Egyptian travelogue A Thousand Miles up the Nile (1877), which described her 1873–1874 voyage. In 1882, she co-founded the Egypt Exploration Fund (now the Egypt Exploration Society) and became its joint Honorary Secretary. In 1889–1890, she toured the United States lecturing on Egyptian exploration.

Early life

Born in London to an Irish mother and a father who had been a British Army officer before becoming a banker, Edwards was educated at home by her mother and showed considerable promise as a writer at a young age. She published her first poem at age seven, her first story at age 12. Edwards thereafter proceeded to publish a variety of poetry, stories, and articles in a large number of magazines including Chamber's Journal, Household Words, and All the Year Round. She also wrote for the Saturday Review and the Morning Post.[2][3]

Novelist

Edwards' first full-length novel was My Brother's Wife (1855). Her early novels were well received, but it was Barbara's History (1864), a novel of bigamy, that solidly established her reputation as a novelist. She spent considerable time and effort on her books' settings and backgrounds, estimating that it took her about two years to complete the researching and writing of each. This painstaking work paid off when her last novel, Lord Brackenbury (1880), emerged as a runaway success that went to 15 editions. Edwards wrote several ghost stories, including the often anthologised "The Phantom Coach" (1864).[4][5]

Egypt

Philae (illustration from A Thousand Miles up the Nile)

In the winter of 1873–1874, accompanied by several friends, Edwards toured Egypt, discovering a fascination with the land and its cultures, both ancient and modern. Journeying southwards from Cairo in a hired dahabiyeh (manned houseboat), the companions visited Philae and ultimately reached Abu Simbel, where they remained for six weeks. During this last period, a member of Edwards' party, the English painter Andrew McCallum, discovered a previously unknown sanctuary that came to bear Edwards' name for some time afterwards.[6]

Edwards wrote a vivid description of her Nile voyage, titled A Thousand Miles up the Nile (1877).[7][8] Enhanced with her own hand-drawn illustrations, the travelogue became an immediate best-seller.

Edwards' travels in Egypt had made her aware of the increasing threats directed towards the ancient monuments by tourism and modern development. Determined to stem these threats by the force of public awareness and scientific endeavour, Edwards became a tireless public advocate for the research and preservation of the ancient monuments. In 1882, she co-founded the Egypt Exploration Fund (now the Egypt Exploration Society) with Reginald Stuart Poole, the curator of the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum. Edwards became joint Honorary Secretary of the Fund and served until her death.

Great Temple at Abu Simbel (from A Thousand Miles up the Nile)

With the aim of advancing the Fund's work, Edwards largely abandoned her other literary work to concentrate on Egyptology. In this field she contributed to the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica,[9] to the American supplement of that work, and to the Standard Dictionary. As part of her efforts Edwards embarked on an ambitious lecture tour of the United States in the period 1889–1890. The content of these lectures was later published as Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers.[10]

Death and legacy

After catching influenza Edwards died on 15 April 1892 at Weston-super-Mare. She had lived at Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol since 1864.[11][12] She was buried in the churchyard of St Mary's Church, Henbury, Bristol, and her grave is marked by an obelisk, at whose foot lies a stone ankh. The grave is alongside those of her companion, Ellen Drew Braysher (9 April 1804 – 9 January 1892), with whom she had lived in Westbury-on-Trym, and Ellen's daughter, Sarah Harriet Braysher (1832–1864). In September 2016, Historic England designated the grave as Grade II listed,[13] celebrating it as a landmark in English LGBT history.[14]

Edwards bequeathed her collection of Egyptian antiquities and her library to University College London, together with a sum of £2,500 to found an Edwards Chair of Egyptology.[15]

In popular culture

Bibliography

History and archaeology

Novels

  • Monsieur Maurice
  • An engineer's story
  • The cabaret of the break of day
  • The story of Ernst Christian Schoeffer
  • The new pass
  • A service of danger
  • A night on the borders of the black forest
  • The story of Salome
  • In the confessional
  • The tragedy in the Palazzo Bardell
  • The four fifteen express
  • Sister Johanna's story
  • All Saints' Eve

Poetry

Translations

Travel

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Author Profile". Goodreads.
  2. ↑ Bleiler, E. F. (1986). "Edwards, Amelia B.". In Sullivan, Jack. The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. New York: Viking. p. 140. ISBN 0-670-80902-0.
  3. ↑ Benjamin F. Fisher IV (1985). "Amelia B. Edwards". In Bleiler, E. F. Supernatural Fiction Writers. New York: Scribner's. pp. 255–260. ISBN 0-684-17808-7.
  4. ↑ Bleiler, E. F. (1986). "Edwards, Amelia B.". In Sullivan, Jack. The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. New York: Viking. p. 140. ISBN 0-670-80902-0.
  5. ↑ Benjamin F. Fisher IV (1985). "Amelia B. Edwards". In Bleiler, E. F. Supernatural Fiction Writers. New York: Scribner's. pp. 255–260. ISBN 0-684-17808-7.
  6. ↑ Edwards, Amelia B. (1891). A Thousand Miles Up the Nile. London: G. Routledge & Sons.
  7. ↑ Edwards, Amelia B. (1877). A Thousand Miles up the Nile (Second ed.). London: Longmans.
  8. ↑ Edwards, Amelia B. A Thousand Miles up the Nile.
  9. ↑ Edwards, Amelia B. (1884). "Mummy". Encyclopædia Britannica. XVII (9th ed.).
  10. ↑ Edwards, Amelia b. (1891). Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers (online ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers.
  11. ↑ Matthew, H.C.G & Harrison, Brian, eds. (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 908–909. ISBN 0-19-861367-9.
  12. ↑ Rees, Joan (1998). Amelia Edwards: Traveller, Novelist and Egyptologist. London: Rubicon Press. pp. 19 and 66. ISBN 0-948695-61-7.
  13. ↑ Historic England. "Grave of Amelia Edwards (1439170)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  14. ↑ "'Queer history' landmarks celebrated by Historic England". BBC News. 23 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  15. ↑ Rees, Joan (1998). Amelia Edwards: Traveller, Novelist and Egyptologist. London: Rubicon Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-948695-61-7.
  16. ↑ Hall, George (24 February 2012). "Aida – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  17. ↑ Christiansen, Rupert (24 February 2012). "Aida, Royal Albert Hall, review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  18. ↑ Sadie, Stanley; Macy, Laura, eds. (2009). "Aida". The Grove Book of Operas. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-19-538711-7.
  19. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions about MPM". MPMBooks.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015.
  20. ↑ Edwards, Amelia B. (1890). A Thousand Miles up the Nile. Norton Creek Press (Second ed.). Routledge & Sons.
  21. ↑ "WorldCat.org library listing". Retrieved 29 December 2013.

Biographies

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