American Negro League

Not to be confused with Negro American League.

American Negro League
Sport	Baseball
Inaugural season	1929
Ceased	1929
Country	USA
Last champion(s)	Baltimore Black Sox

The American Negro League (ANL) was one of several Negro leagues established during the period in the United States in which organized baseball was segregated. The ANL operated on the East Coast of the United States in 1929.

History

The Eastern Colored League (ECL) had been the eastern of two major Negro leagues from 1923 through 1927 until its collapse during the 1928 season. Next winter the American Negro League was established by five former ECL teams— the Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, the Baltimore Black Sox, the traveling Cuban Stars, the Hilldale Club of Darby, Pennsylvania, and the Lincoln Giants of New York City—along with the Homestead Grays, an important independent club.

1929 season

Annual final standings: 1929

The ANL operated a split season: first half and second-half schedules with a planned playoff for a pennant in a post-season series between the two winners. The Baltimore Black Sox, led by player-manager Dick Lundy and Hall of Fame first baseman Jud Wilson, won both halves and they were awarded the pennant without a playoff.

Demise

The league did not organize for the 1930 season, and it would not be until 1933 that an eastern Negro league would last for a full season.

Beside the downward economic spiral, bitter controversy in Baltimore and Philadelphia, about the local clubs continuing reliance on white umpires, may have been fatal to the league.^[1]

Statistics

The ANL made a conscientious effort, unusual for the Negro leagues, to compile statistics for the league's players. These were published at season's end in the Pittsburgh Courier.

References

↑ Lanctot, 198–201.

Lanctot, Neil (1994). Fair Dealing and Clean Playing: the Hilldale Club and the development of black professional baseball, 1910-1932. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. pp. 198–201. ISBN 0-89950-988-6.
Loverro, Thom. The Encyclopedia of Negro League Baseball. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 2003. ISBN 0-8160-4430-9.

Negro league baseball

Major independent teams

Pre-1920 teams	Algona Brownies All Cubans All Nations Austin Black Senators Birmingham Giants Chicago Columbia Giants Chicago Unions Chicago Union Giants-Leland Giants Cuban Giants Cuban X-Giants French Lick Plutos Lincoln Stars Minneapolis Keystones New York Gorhams Page Fence Giants Philadelphia Giants Philadelphia Pythians San Antonio Black Bronchos St. Paul Colored Gophers West Baden Sprudels

Post-1920 teams	Bismarck Churchills Boston Royal Giants Brooklyn Bushwicks Cuban House of David Ethiopian Clowns Gilkerson's Union Giants Globe Trotters Illinois Giants Jamestown Red Sox Mineola Black Spiders Mobile Black Bears Philadelphia Tigers Zulu Cannibal Giants

Major leagues and teams

Negro National League (1920–31)	Birmingham Black Barons⁷ Chicago American Giants⁵⁶⁷ Chicago Giants Cleveland Browns Cleveland Elites Cleveland Hornets Cleveland Tate Stars Cleveland Tigers Columbus Buckeyes Cuban Stars (West)⁴ Dayton Marcos Detroit Stars⁶⁷ Indianapolis ABCs⁵⁷ Kansas City Monarchs⁷ Louisville White Sox Memphis Red Sox⁵⁷ Milwaukee Bears Cleveland Cubs-Nashville Elite Giants⁵ Pittsburgh Keystones St. Louis Giants-St. Louis Stars⁷ Toledo Tigers

Eastern Colored League (1923–28)	Bacharach Giants³⁶ Baltimore Black Sox³⁴⁶ Brooklyn Royal Giants Cuban Stars (East)³ Harrisburg Giants Hilldale Club³⁴ Homestead Grays³⁴⁶ Lincoln Giants³ Newark Stars Washington Potomacs

American Negro League (1929)	Bacharach Giants²⁶ Baltimore Black Sox²⁴⁶ Cuban Stars (East)² Hilldale Club²⁴ Homestead Grays²⁴⁶ Lincoln Giants²

East-West League (1932)	Baltimore Black Sox²³⁶ Cleveland Stars Cuban Stars (West)¹ Detroit Wolves Hilldale Club²³ Homestead Grays²³⁶ Newark Browns Washington Pilots

Negro Southern League (1932)	Cole's American Giants¹⁶⁷ Indianapolis ABCs¹⁷ Louisville Black Caps-Columbus Turfs Memphis Red Sox¹⁷ Monroe Monarchs Montgomery Grey Sox Nashville Elite Giants¹

2nd Negro National League (1933–48)	Bacharach Giants²³ Baltimore Black Sox²³⁴ Baltimore Elite Giants⁷ Cole's American Giants¹⁵⁷ Cleveland Red Sox Columbus Blue Birds-Akron Black Tyrites-Cleveland Giants Detroit Stars¹⁷ (Washington) Homestead Grays²³⁴ New York Black Yankees New York Cubans⁷ Newark Eagles⁷ Philadelphia Stars⁷ Pittsburgh Crawfords Washington Black Senators

Negro American League (1937–60s)	Atlanta Black Crackers Baltimore Elite Giants⁶ Birmingham Black Barons¹ Chicago American Giants¹⁵⁶ Cincinnati Tigers Cleveland Buckeyes-Louisville Buckeyes Detroit Stars¹⁶ Houston Eagles⁶ Indianapolis ABCs¹⁵ Indianapolis Athletics Indianapolis Clowns Indianapolis Crawfords Jacksonville Red Caps-Cleveland Bears Kansas City Monarchs¹ Memphis Red Sox¹⁵ New Orleans Crescent Stars New York Cubans⁶ Philadelphia Stars⁶ St. Louis Stars¹

Note: All teams that played in an organized league listed above also played as an independent or barnstorming team before, during, and/or after joining a league. ¹-also played in NNL ²-also played in ECL ³-also played in ANL ⁴-also played in EWL ⁵-also played in NSL ⁶-also played in NNL2 ⁷-also played in NAL

Other leagues

Proto-leagues	Southern League of Colored Base Ballists (1886) National Colored Base Ball League (1887) International League of Independent Professional Base Ball Clubs (1906) National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs of the United States and Cuba (1907–09)

Minor leagues	Negro Southern League (1920–45)¹ Texas Colored League (1919–26) Texas–Louisiana League (1931) Texas Negro League (1924–31) Texas–Oklahoma Negro League (1933–35) Negro Major Baseball League of America (1942)

Post-integration	United States Baseball League (1945–46) West Coast Negro Baseball League (1946) Baseball Association of America (1949) Negro American League (1951–60)²

¹-Does not include the 1932 season for the Negro Southern League as it was considered a de facto major league that season. ²-The Negro American League was a major league from 1937 until 1950.

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