Andrew Thorne

Sir Andrew Thorne
Born	20 September 1885 Dornhurst, Sevenoaks, England
Died	25 September 1970 (aged 85) Spynie Hospital, Elgin, Scotland
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1904–46
Rank	General
Unit	Grenadier Guards
Commands held	Scottish Command XII Corps 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division Brigade of Guards 184th Infantry Brigade 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards
Battles/wars	First World War Second World War
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order & Two Bars Mentioned in Despatches Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland) Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (Norway)

General Sir Augustus Francis Andrew Nicol Thorne, KCB, CMG, DSO & Two Bars, DL (20 September 1885 – 25 September 1970) was a senior British Army officer who served in the First and Second World Wars, where he commanded the 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division.

Military career

Educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Thorne was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Grenadier Guards in 1904. He served in the First World War, becoming a staff captain, then deputy assistant adjutant and quartermaster general and then deputy assistant quartermaster general in France. He became Commanding Officer (CO) of the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards in 1916,^[1] and saw action in the First Battle of Ypres in 1914^[2] and Battle of the Somme in 1916, earning the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars.^[3] In 1918 he became commander of the 184th Brigade.^[1]

After the war he became assistant military attaché at Washington, D.C. and then, in 1922, a General Staff Officer (GSO) at London District. He was appointed military assistant to the Chief of the Imperial General Staff at the War Office in 1925 CO of the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards again in 1927. In 1932, he was made military attaché in Berlin and commander of the 1st Guards Brigade at Aldershot Command in 1935. He was a temporary brigade commander in Palestine and Transjordan in 1936. In 1938 he became Major General commanding the Brigade of Guards and General Officer Commanding (GOC) London District.^[1]

In 1939, at the start of the Second World War, Thorne became GOC 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division, which played an important role in the defence of the Dunkirk perimeter in 1940.^[3] He then became GOC XII Corps before being appointed GOC Scottish Command and Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1941 to 1945. As GOC XII Corps, he founded the innovative XII Corps Observation Unit as a prototype of the Auxiliary Units guerrilla organisation.^[4] Whilst in Scotland, he was responsible for the Fortitude North deception plan, as well as preparation for the liberation of Norway.^[1]

Germany officially surrendered in Norway on 8 May 1945, and Thorne arrived in Norway on 13 May together with Crown Prince Olav. He brought with him a small military force—one tenth the size of the German military presence—and so had to rely on cooperation with paramilitary forces from the Norwegian resistance movement. He cooperated closely with Jens Chr. Hauge. He formally held the sovereignty of Norway until 7 June, when Haakon VII of Norway returned from his exile. Thorne remained in charge of dismantling the German presence in Norway until he left the country on 31 October 1945.^[5]

He retired in 1946.^[1] He was chairman of the Anglo-Norse Society for some time.^[5]

References

1. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
2. Scots at War Archived September 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
3. First World War
4. Atkin, Malcolm (2015). Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. pp. Chapter 5. ISBN 978-1-47383-377-7.
5. Ringdal, Nils Johan (1995). "Thorne, Sir Andrew". In Dahl, Hans Fredrik. Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45. Oslo: Cappelen. Retrieved 15 June 2010.

Bibliography

• Ashley Hart, Stephen. "The Forgotten Liberator: The 1939–1945 Military Career of General Sir Andrew Thorne". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 79 (Autumn 2001): 233–249.
• "THORNE, General Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew (Nicol)". (2007). In Who Was Who. Online edition.
• Mann, Christopher (September 2008). "Thorne, Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew Nicol (1885–1970)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50362. Retrieved 5 June 2010. (subscription required (help)).
• Lindsay, Donald (1987). Forgotten General: Life of Andrew Thorne. Michael Russell, Salisbury. ISBN 978-0-85955-137-3.