Archaeopriapulida

Archaeopriapulida Temporal range: Cambrian Stage 3–Middle Cambrian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Reconstruction of the celebrated archaeopriapulid Ottoia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Stem-group:	Priapulida (?)
Class:	†Archaeopriapulida
Species[1][2]
From the Burgess Shale: Ancalagon minor Fieldia lanceolata Lecythioscopa simplex Conway Morris 1977 (Walcott, 1931) Ottoia prolifica Selkirkia columbia Conway Morris 1977 Scolecofurca rara From Chengjiang deposits: Acosmia maotiania Archotuba conoidalis (possibly a Cnidarian)[3] Corynetis brevis Luo & Hu 1999 (=Anningvermis multispinosus Huang et al 2004[4])[5] Corynetis fortis Hu et al. 2012[6] Eximipriapulus globocaudatus Ma et al 2014[5] Gangtoucunia aspera Luo & Hu 1999 (May not be a priapulid)[7] Lagenula striolata Luo & Hu, 1999 nomen dubium[4] Laojieella thecata Han Zhang Zhang and Shu 2006[8] Oligonodus specialis Luo & Hu, 1999 nomen dubium[4] Omnidens amplus Hou et al 2006 Paratubiluchus bicaudatus Han, Shu, Zhang et Liu, 2004 Paraselkirkia sinica (=P. jinningensis, =Selkirkia sinica Luo & Hu 1999)[9] Sandaokania latinodosa Luo & Hu, 1999 nomen dubium[4] Selkirkia elongata Luo & Hu, 1999 Sicyophorus rara (=Protopriapulites haikouensis Hou, Bergström, Wang, Feng & Chen 1999; =Palaeopriapulites parvus Hou et al 1999)[4] Sicyophorus sp. [10] Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris Hu 2002 (in Chen et al 2002) (=Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis Huang et al 2004[11])[12] From elsewhere: Eopriapulites sphinx Liu et al 2014[13] Priapulites konecniorum (Mazon Creek) Selkirkia spencei Resser, 1939 S. willoughby Conway Morris & Robison, 1986

Archaeopriapulida is a group of priapulid-like worms known from Cambrian lagerstätte.^[14] The group is closely related to, and very similar to, the modern Priapulids.^[15] It is unclear whether it is mono- or polyphyletic.^[16] Despite a remarkable morphological similarity to their modern cousins,^[17] they fall outside of the priapulid crown group, which is not unambiguously represented in the fossil record until the Carboniferous.^[18] They are probably closely related or paraphyletic to the palaeoscolecids; the relationship between these basal worms is somewhat unresolved.^[16]

References

1. Smith, M. R.; Harvey, T. H. P.; Butterfield, N. J. (2015). "The macro- and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid Ottoia". Palaeontology: n/a. doi:10.1111/pala.12168.
2. Supplementary information from Smith, M.R.; Harvey, T.H.P.; Butterfield, N.J. (2015). "The macro- and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid Ottoia". Palaeontology. doi:10.1111/pala.12168.
3. Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas (2012-12-21). Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. ISBN 9783110272536.
4. Huang, D.-Y.; Vannier, J.; Chen, J.-Y. (2004). "Anatomy and lifestyles of Early Cambrian priapulid worms exemplified by Corynetis and Anningvermis from the Maotianshan Shale (SW China)". Lethaia. 37: 21. doi:10.1080/00241160410005088.
5. Ma, X.; Aldridge, R. J.; Siveter, D. J.; Siveter, D. J.; Hou, X.; Edgecombe, G. D. (2014). "A New Exceptionally Preserved Cambrian Priapulid from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (2): 371. doi:10.1666/13-082.
6. Hu, S.; Steiner, M.; Zhu, M.; Luo, H.; Forchielli, A.; Keupp, H.; Zhao, F.; Liu, Q. (2012). "A new priapulid assemblage from the early Cambrian Guanshan fossil Lagerstätte of SW China". Bulletin of Geosciences: 93. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1238.
7. Hu, S.; Zhu, M.; Steiner, M.; Luo, H.; Zhao, F.; Liu, Q. (2010). "Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan". Science China Earth Sciences. 53 (12): 1765. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4086-9.
8. Han, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Shu, D. (2006). "A new theca-bearing Early Cambrian worm from the Chengjiang Fossil Lagerstätte, China". Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 30: 1. doi:10.1080/03115510608619340.
9. Han, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, J.; Shu, D. (2007). "EVIDENCE OF PRIAPULID SCAVENGING FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG DEPOSITS, SOUTHERN CHINA". PALAIOS. Society for Sedimentary Geology. 22 (6): 691–694. doi:10.2110/palo.2006.p06-117r. ISSN 0883-1351.
10. Zeng, H.; Zhao, F.; Yin, Z.; Li, G.; Zhu, M. (2014). "A Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage from the Hongjingshao Formation (Cambrian Stage 3) at Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (25): 3169. doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0419-y.
11. Huang, D.; Vannier, J.; Chen, J. (2004). "Recent Priapulidae and their Early Cambrian ancestors: Comparisons and evolutionary significance". Geobios. 37 (2): 217. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.04.004.
12. Han, J.; Shu, D.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, J. (2004). "The earliest-known ancestors of Recent Priapulomorpha from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte". Chinese Science Bulletin. 49 (17): 1860. doi:10.1007/BF03183414.
13. Liu, Y.; Xiao, S.; Shao, T.; Broce, J.; Zhang, H. (2014). "The oldest known priapulid-like scalidophoran animal and its implications for the early evolution of cycloneuralians and ecdysozoans". Evolution & Development. 16 (3): 155. doi:10.1111/ede.12076.
14. Conway Morris, S. (1979). "The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) Fauna". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 10: 327–349. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.001551.
15. Por, F. D. (1983). "Class Seticoronaria and Phylogeny of the Phylum Priapulida". Zoologica Scripta. 12 (4): 267–272. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1983.tb00510.x.
16. Wills, M. A. (1 April 1998). "Cambrian and Recent Disparity: the Picture from Priapulids". Paleobiology. 24 (2): 155–286. doi:10.2307/2401237 (inactive 2015-05-05). JSTOR 2401237.
17. Huang, D.-Y.; Vannier, J.; Chen, J.-Y. (2004). "Anatomy and lifestyles of Early Cambrian priapulid worms exemplified by Corynetis and Anningvermis from the Maotianshan Shale (SW China)". Lethaia. 37: 21. doi:10.1080/00241160410005088.
18. Budd, G. E.; Jensen, S. (2000). "A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 75 (2): 253–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x. PMID 10881389.