Baruch College
Seal of Baruch College | |
Type | Public |
---|---|
Established | 1968 as an independent college |
Endowment | $180.69 million[1] |
President | Mitchel Wallerstein |
Provost | David Christy |
Academic staff | 500 (full time) |
Administrative staff | 699 |
Undergraduates | 13,777[2] |
Postgraduates | 3,240 |
Location |
New York City (Gramercy Park, Manhattan), United States 40°44′25″N 73°59′00″W / 40.740159°N 73.98338°WCoordinates: 40°44′25″N 73°59′00″W / 40.740159°N 73.98338°W |
Campus | Urban |
Colors | Blue and White |
Nickname | The Bearcats |
Mascot | Bearcat |
Affiliations | City University of New York |
Website |
www |
The Bernard M. Baruch College of the City University of New York, commonly known as Baruch College, is a constituent college of the City University of New York system located in the Gramercy Park section of Manhattan, New York City. Named for financier and statesman Bernard M. Baruch, the college operates undergraduate, masters, and Ph.D. programs through its Zicklin School of Business,[3] as well as the Weissman School of Arts and Sciences and the Marxe School of Public and International Affairs.
History
Baruch is one of CUNY's senior colleges, and traces its roots back to the 1847 founding of the Free Academy,[6] the first institution of free public higher education in the United States. The New York State Literature Fund was created to serve students who could not afford to enroll in New York City’s private colleges. The Fund led to the creation of the Committee of the Board of Education of the City of New York, led by Townsend Harris, J.S. Bosworth, and John L. Mason, which brought about the establishment of what would become the Free Academy, on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan.
The Free Academy became the College of the City of New York, now The City College of New York (CCNY). In 1919, what would become Baruch College was established as City College School of Business and Civic Administration.[7] On December 15, 1928, the cornerstone was laid on the new building which would house the newly founded school. At this point, the school did not admit women. At the time it opened it was considered the biggest such school for the teaching of business education in the United States.[8]
By the 1930s, women were allowed into the School of Business. The total enrollment at CCNY reached an all-time high of 40,000 students in 1935, and the School of Business had an enrollment of more than 1,700 students in the day session alone. In 1953, it was renamed the Baruch School of Business in honor of Bernard Baruch, an 1889 graduate of CCNY who went on to become a prominent financier and adviser to two presidents. In 1961, the New York State Education Law established the City University of New York (CUNY) system. In 1968, the Baruch School of Business was spun off as Baruch College, an independent senior college in the City University system.
The first president of the new college (1969–1970) was the previous Federal Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Robert C. Weaver. In 1971, the college appointed Clyde Wingfield, a noted educator, as its president. He was succeeded by economist Joel Edwin Segall in 1977. Segall recruited several well-known faculty members to the School of Business and established the college's permanent home on Lower Lexington Avenue.[9] Matthew Goldstein was president of the school from 1991 to 1998 (he later went on to serve as the Chancellor of CUNY from 1999-2013). He was responsible for raising admissions requirements and creating the School of Public Affairs in 1994. Edward Regan, former comptroller of New York state, served as president from 2000 to 2004. During his tenure, test scores rose, student retention rates increased, and many new faculty members were hired.[10] In 2001, the Vertical Campus opened and Baruch accepted its first students from the CUNY Honors College, now known as the Macaulay Honors College. The college also implemented a common core curriculum for all undergraduates.
Baruch received donations from alumni, with the Vertical Campus, 23rd Street building, and Performing Arts complex renamed in honor of the three largest donors, respectively.[11] Alumni giving has increased under "Baruch Means Business," a $150 million capital campaign.[12] In August 2009, Waldron resigned from her position to become a University Professor at the Graduate Center. Stan Altman, former dean of the School of Public Affairs from 1999 to 2005, was named interim president.[13]
On February 22, 2010, Dr. Mitchel Wallerstein, Dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, was appointed as the next President of Baruch College. He took office on August 2, 2010.[14]
Baruch was the scene of student protests in 2011 as a result of tuition hikes.[15] This resulted in arrests.[15]
Larry Zicklin, who endowed the Zicklin School of Business with an $18 million gift in 1997, is currently a Clinical Professor at Stern School of Business at New York University and teaches courses in Corporate Governance and the Management of a Financial Business at Stern. Zicklin is also a Senior Fellow at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Presidents of Baruch College
President | Tenure | |
---|---|---|
1. | Robert Weaver | 1968–1970 |
2. | Clyde Wingfield | 1971–1976 |
3. | Joel Segall | 1977–1990 |
4. | Joyce Brown (Interim) | 1990–1991 |
5. | Matthew Goldstein | 1991–1998 |
6. | Lois S. Cronholm (Interim) | 1998–1999 |
7. | Sidney Lirtzman (Interim) | 1999–2000 |
8. | Edward Regan | 2000–2004 |
9. | Kathleen Waldron | 2004–2009 |
10. | Stan Altman (Interim) | 2009–2010 |
11. | Mitchel Wallerstein | 2010–Present |
Academics
The college is composed of three academic schools, the Zicklin School of Business, the Weissman School of Arts & Science, and the Marxe School of Public Affairs.
The Zicklin School of Business grants a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree in 19 different business related areas, a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) in 14 business related areas, and a Masters of Science (MS) in 8 business related programs.[16]
The Weissman School of Arts and Sciences grants a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in over 26 different arts and science related areas, a Masters of Arts (MA)in Corporate Communications and Mental Health Counseling, and a Masters of Science (MS) in Financial Engineering and Industrial Organizational Psychology.[17]
The Austin W. Marxe School of Public and International Affairs grants a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Public Affairs, a Masters of Public Administration (MPA) in 5 different public affairs related areas and a Masters of Science in Education (MSEd) in Higher Education Administration.[18]
The college also houses several doctoral (PhD) programs offered through the CUNY Graduate Center. They include Business (with specializations in Accounting, Finance, Information Systems, Marketing or Organizational Behavior) as well as Industrial and Organizational Psychology.[19][20] As of June 2013, the CUNY PhD in Business degree is offered jointly by the Graduate Center and Baruch College.[21]
Facilities
17 Lexington Building
The building at 17 Lexington Avenue, or the 23rd Street Building as it is commonly referred to is still in use by the college today. According to Mr. Jim Lloyd, the assistant vice president of Campus Operations at Baruch College, the 23rd St Building is scheduled to begin renovation in 2013. The ten-year renovation project will finally bring the 23rd Street Building to 21st-century standards.[22] In 1998, after decades of renting space for classrooms, the college began construction of what would later be called the Newman Vertical Campus, named after businessman William Newman. Inaugurated on August 27, 2001, the 17-story building is now home to the Zicklin School of Business and the Weissman School of Arts and Sciences (the School of Public Affairs is housed in a separate building at 135 East 22nd Street).[23] East 25th Street between Lexington and Third Avenues was renamed "Bernard Baruch Way," and the college now uses the Vertical Campus as its official address.
Information and Technology / Library Building
The Information and Technology Building, opened in 1994, is located across East 25th Street from the Newman Vertical Campus.[24] It is home to the William and Anita Newman Library, featuring multiple floors with Wi-Fi access and designated "study-pod" areas. A 320-seat computer lab, the Baruch Computing and Technology Center, is on the sixth floor. The building also contains the offices of the Registrar, Undergraduate Admissions, Financial Aid and the International Student Center. It is colloquially known as the "Library Building" by students and staff.
Newman Vertical Campus
The Newman Vertical Campus is 786,000 square feet, 17-floor building, which cost a total of $327 million to erect.[23][25] It was honored in 2003 by the American Institute of Architects with the highest award it offers to an individual building.[26] It houses classrooms, faculty offices, additional computer labs for student use, along with the Athletic and Recreation Complex (ARC), Cafeteria, and Baruch Bookstore.[27] The Administration Building, located on East 22nd Street, is home to the School of Public Affairs and several administrative offices.
Academic centers & institutes
- Baruch College Survey Research[28]
- CCI - Corporate Communication International[29]
- CUNY Institute for Demographic Research[30]
- Center for Educational Leadership[31]
- Center on Equality, Pluralism and Policy[32]
- Lawrence N. Field Center for Entrepreneurship[33]
- Jewish Studies Center[34]
- Steven L. Newman Real Estate Institute[35]
- New York Census Research Data Center[36]
- Center for Nonprofit Strategy and Management[37]
- Center for the Study of Business and Government (CSBG)[38]
- The Bernard L. Schwartz Communication Institute at Baruch College is an academic service unit and faculty development program. It supports educational technology and communications instructional projects in the college.[39]
- The STARR Career Development Center, named after the Starr Foundation, provides career services to all Baruch College undergraduates and alumni with bachelor's degrees from Baruch.[40]
- Subotnick Financial Center: The Subotnick Financial Services Center, opened in 2000, provides a simulation of practical trading experience. Its centerpiece is the Bert W. and Sandra Wasserman Trading Floor.[41]
- Center for Teaching and Learning[42]
- Computer Center for Visually Impaired People[43]
- Weissman Center for International Business[44]
- Robert Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity[45]
Partnerships
- Zicklin-JP Morgan Chase Partnership
- Zicklin School of Business and JP Morgan Chase have established a corporate-university partnership.[46]
- Baruch College Campus High School
- Baruch College Campus High School is a New York City public high school affiliated to the college
- Baruch College's Zicklin Business School and AGS
- American Graduate School in Paris is a graduate school in Paris, France. Its Executive Master of Science in Finance and the Executive Master of Science in Marketing at the American Graduate School of Business and Economics are affiliated program with Baruch.[47]
Baruch College's Zicklin Business School, Brooklyn Law School, and New York Law School
Zicklin School of Business maintains a joint J.D./M.B.A. program with Brooklyn Law School and New York Law School.[48]
Student life
Student body diversity
Baruch had been ranked #1 for seven consecutive years as the 'Most Ethnically Diverse College' in United States by US News.[49]
Student organizations
The Ticker[50] has been the student newspaper since 1932. The school is home to business organizations, including large chapters of such national and international organizations such as ALPFA (The Association of Latino Professionals in Finance & Accounting), AIESEC, Toastmasters, Roller Hockey Club,[51] Alpha Kappa Psi, American Humanics, and Golden Key.[52]
Athletics
Baruch College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Bearcats are a member of the City University of New York Athletic Conference (CUNYAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, dance team, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball.
Admissions
Undergraduate
Baruch's Undergraduate Admissions is considered to be "Very Selective" by College Board.[53] In the Fall of 2013, over 19,400 students applied for admissions and only 5,000 were admitted with an acceptance rate of 27%. Baruch follows a holistic admissions process by considering teacher recommendations, application essay, and extracurricular activities, in addition to standardized test scores and GPA.
Zicklin School of Business
The Zicklin School of Business (commonly known as Zicklin) is Baruch College's business school. It was established in 1919.
Rankings
Baruch College has been ranked by multiple sources, including:
- In its annual "Social Mobility Index" for 2015, CollegeNet ranked Baruch #1 in the country, among more than 900 schools considered, in providing social mobility for students.[54]
- Washington Monthly ranked Baruch #1 in the Northeast in 2015 in providing "Best Bang for the Buck."[55]
- Entrepreneur magazine and Princeton Review ranked Baruch #6 in 2015 among colleges for its undergraduate entrepreneurship program,[56] and #9 for the graduate school.[57]
- Forbes ranked Baruch #14 in the country among "Best Value Schools" for 2015.[58] The magazine also ranked Baruch #55 nationally among "Best Business Schools."[59]
- In 2015, Business Insider recognized Baruch as #19 in its ranking of the 25 business schools that offer the best value. [60]
- U.S. News & World Report ranked Baruch 20th in 2017 among Regional Universities in the North.[61] The magazine also ranked Baruch #4, Most Ethnically Diverse (in the North Region); #5, Top Public Schools (in the North Region); #1, Least Debt (in the North Region); #15, City Management and Urban Policy; #29, Health Care Management; #35, Accounting; #45, Top Public Affairs Schools; #61, Best Undergraduate Business programs; #66, Best Part-time MBA.[62] [63]
- U.S. News & World Report, in its 2016 ranking of "best business schools," listed Zicklin as #85 nationally, making it the #2 public business school in New York, behind the University at Buffalo School of Management.[64]
Notable people
Alumni
Before 1968, alumni were officially alumni of the City College of New York.
The number of Baruch College's Living Alumni is 107,277 as of 2007–08. It is represented by alumni in all 50 US states and 85 countries abroad.[65]
- William F. Aldinger III ('69), Chairman & CEO, HSBC North America Holdings
- Catherine Avgiris ('80), Executive Vice President and CFO, Comcast Cable[66][67]
- Egemen Bağış, Former minister for European Union Affairs, Turkish politician
- Jack Barsky ('84), Former KGB secret agent and current software executive[68]
- Abraham Beame ('28), Former Mayor of New York City
- Matthew C. Blank ('76), Chairman & CEO, Showtime Networks [69]
- Anthony Chan ('79), Chief Economist, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
- Akis Cleanthous – Former Minister of Education and Culture, Cyprus.[70]
- Monte Conner ('86), Senior Vice President of Roadrunner Records, A&R Dept.
- Trevor A. Edwards ('84, MBA '89), President of Nike Brand, Nike, Inc.[67][71]
- Fernando Ferrer, Former Chairman of MTA (New York), Former Bronx Borough President and New York City mayoral candidate in 2001 and 2005
- Michael Freeman (MBA 1970), American inventor
- Buddy Freitag (1953), Broadway producer (Porgy and Bess, Nice Work If You Can Get It)[72]
- Michael Grimm, member of United States House of Representatives for New York's 13th congressional district.
- Sidney Harman, Chairman Emeritus, Harman International Industries, Owner of Newsweek, Founder of Harman Kardon
- Carl Heastie (MBA '07), Speaker of the New York State Assembly
- Dennis J. Hickey (BBA '70), CFO, Colgate-Palmolive,[73][74]
- James Lam ('83), Author and first CRO (Chief Risk Officer)
- Ralph Lauren (dropped out), Chairman of Ralph Lauren Corporation, Fashion designer (Polo Ralph Lauren)
- Dennis Levine, a prominent player in the Wall Street insider trading scandals of the mid-1980s
- Melissa Mark-Viverito (MPA '96), Speaker of the New York City Council
- Daniel A. Nigro, Commissioner of the New York City Fire Department.[75]
- Oscar N. Onyema, Chief Executive of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE)
- Prince (Omubiito) Solomon Michael Okwiri Adyeri Ishagara, Omukama of Kingdom of Toro
- Larry Quinlan, Global CIO of Deloitte [76] [77]
- Carlos D. Ramirez (1946–1999), publisher of El Diario La Prensa.[78]
- Joseph A. Ripp, (MBA '78) Chairman and CEO, TIME Inc. [79]
- Stan Ross ('56) Former Vice Chairman, Ernst & Young [80] [81]
- Jonas Salk, Inventor of the polio vaccine
- Albert Seedman ('41) first Jewish chief detective of the New York City Police Department
- Martin Shkreli, Businessman and pharmaceutical executive
- Upton Sinclair, An American author who achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for The Jungle (1906).
- Carl Spielvogel (BBA '57), Former U.S. Ambassador to Slovakia
- Craig A. Stanley (born 1955), member of New Jersey General Assembly from 1996 to 2008.
- Stuart Subotnick, American businessman and media magnate; one of America's 500 wealthiest people.
- George Weissman (BBA '39), Former Chairman and CEO, Philip Morris International
- Larry Zicklin (1957), Former Chairman, Neuberger Berman
Faculty
- Joel Brind, Professor of biology. Scientific advocate of the abortion–breast cancer hypothesis.
- David Birdsell, Dean of School of Public Affairs. Leading expert on political debates.
- Mario Cuomo, Former 3-term Governor of New York State. Taught a public affairs seminar in the fall of 2008.[82]
- John Liu, Former New York City Comptroller, mayoral candidate, and former member of the New York City Council. Teaches municipal finance and policy in the School of Public Affairs.[83]
- Harry Markowitz, Professor of Finance, recipient of Nobel Prize in Economics (1990).
- Donna Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services under the Clinton Administration. Taught politics at Baruch in the 1970s
- Yoshihiro Tsurumi, professor of international business. scholar in multinational business strategy and national competitiveness
See also
References
- ↑ http://alumni.baruch.cuny.edu/data/files/gallery/ContentGallery/BCF_Annual_Report_201314.pdf
- ↑ "CUNY, Baruch College". http://www.forbes.com. External link in
|journal=
(help) - ↑ "Baruch College History".
- ↑ "Children's Court" at Gramercy Neighborhood Associates
- ↑ "Domestic Relations Court" at Gramercy Neighborhood Associates
- ↑ Roff, Sandra, et al, "From the Free Academy to CUNY: Illustrating Public Higher Education in New York City, 1847-1997", Page 6.
- ↑ "CUNY - Baruch College". http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. External link in
|journal=
(help) - ↑ The New Commerce Building of the College of the City of New York The Journal of Business Education, Vol 2, No. 6, (September 1929).
- ↑ Saxon, Wolfgang. "Joel Edwin Segall, Economist and President of Baruch College, Dies at 80" The New York Times, October 15, 2003.
- ↑ Siegel, Aaron. "Baruch President Ned Regan to Step Down in Fall 2005" The Ticker, February 2, 2004.
- ↑ "Kathleen Waldron, Baruch's New President, Announces Historic Gifts of $53.5 Million".
- ↑ "Baruch Means Business Capital Campaign".
- ↑ "Baruch College President Resigns; Dr. Stan Altman Named Interim President" CUNY Newswire, August 18, 2009.
- ↑ "Maxwell School Dean Mitchel B. Wallerstein Appointed President of Baruch College" CUNY Newswire, March 1, 2010.
- 1 2 Speri, Alice; Phillips, Anna M. (November 21, 2011). "CUNY Students Clash With Police in Manhattan". The New York Times.
- ↑ "The Zicklin School of Business". Zicklin.baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "The Weissman School of Arts and Sciences". Baruch.cuny.edu. 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "The School of Public Affairs". Baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "Areas of Study — Zicklin School of Business". Zicklin.baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "Psychology_PhD". Baruch.cuny.edu. 2008-03-10. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "Baruch College's Zicklin School of Business to Offer Joint Ph.D. Degree". Baruch.cuny.edu. 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
- ↑ Roldan, Cynthia. "The Ticker". 17 Lexington Ave Scheduled for Renovations. Baruch Ticker. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
- 1 2 Arenson, Karen W. "Baruch College Opens a Huge 'Vertical Campus'"' 'The New York Times, August 28, 2001.
- ↑ "Baruch College /The New Campus Library and Technology Center". Newman.baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ Baruch Vertical Campus Quick Facts
- ↑ Vertical Campus History
- ↑ "Baruch College: The Newman Vertical Campus" College Brochure, Fall 2001
- ↑ "Baruch College Survey Research".
- ↑ "CCI - Corporate Communication International".
- ↑ "CUNY Institute for Demographic Research".
- ↑ "Center for Educational Leadership – School of Public Affairs – Baruch College".
- ↑ "Center on Equality, Pluralism and Policy – School of Public Affairs – Baruch College".
- ↑ "The Lawrence N. Field Center for Entrepreneurship". Zicklin.baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "Jewish Studies Center".
- ↑ "Steven L. Newman Real Estate Institute".
- ↑ "New York Census Research Data Center".
- ↑ "Center for Nonprofit Strategy and Management – School of Public Affairs – Baruch College".
- ↑ "Center for the Study of Business and Government (CSBG)—Zicklin School Of Business – Baruch College – CUNY".
- ↑ "About the Schwartz Institute". Bernard L. Schwartz Communication Institute. 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "STARR Career Development Center".
- ↑ "Subotnick Financial Center".
- ↑ "Center for Teaching and Learning".
- ↑ "Computer Center for Visually Impaired People".
- ↑ "Centers & Institutes – Subject Matter Experts – Press Room – Baruch College". Baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ "Robert Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity".
- ↑ "Dean's News Letter – Fall 2010, Zicklin School of Business".
- ↑ "Baruch College and AGS Affiliation".
- ↑ "Zicklin School of Business Joint JD/MBA". zicklin.baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
- ↑ "Baruch College Ranked at #25 among Best Colleges in Region, According to U.S. News & World Report | EON: Enhanced Online News".
- ↑ Dean of Zicklin gets down to business
- ↑ http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/studentaffairs/StudentLife/clubs/descrip2.htm. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑
- ↑ https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/college-university-search/city-university-of-new-york-baruch-college
- ↑ http://socialmobilityindex.org/
- ↑ http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/rankings-other-college-guide/best-bang-for-buck-northeast-rank.php
- ↑ http://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/252396
- ↑ http://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/252395
- ↑ http://www.forbes.com/sites/laurenfeiner/2015/07/29/best-value-colleges-2015-top-25-best-colleges-for-the-money/
- ↑ http://www.forbes.com/business-schools/list/#tab:rank
- ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/best-value-business-schools-2015-10
- ↑ http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-universities-north/page+4
- ↑ http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/cuny-bernard-m-baruch-college-190512/overall-rankings
- ↑ http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/USNewsWorldReport2017GradRankings.htm
- ↑ "Best Graduate Business Schools" U.S. News & World Report, retrieved April 6, 2016
- ↑ "Baruch by the Numbers". Baruch.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
- ↑ http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/people.asp?privcapId=1243641
- 1 2 http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/news/Commencement2014.htm
- ↑ https://www.linkedin.com/in/jackbarsky
- ↑ http://www.sho.com/about
- ↑ "A focus on finance and politics".
- ↑ http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/09/on_deck_as_the_next_ceo_of_nik.html
- ↑ Simonson, Robert (May 31, 2012). "Broadway Producer Edgar Freitag Is Dead at 80". Playbill.com. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUQQIhySp30
- ↑ http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/US/Corp/ExecMgtTeam.cvsp
- ↑ Mcshane, Larry (May 9, 2014). "Daniel Nigro Takes FDNY Helm as Commissioner 12 Years After Resigning from Department". NYDailyNews.
- ↑ http://cionetwork.wsj.com/?speakers=larry-quinlan
- ↑ http://www.efmevents.com/speaker/lquinlan.html
- ↑ Ravo, Nick (July 13, 1999). "Carlos D. Ramirez, 52, Publisher of El Diario". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
- ↑ http://www.timeinc.com/about/leadership/joseph-a-ripp/
- ↑ http://articles.latimes.com/2013/aug/09/business/la-fi-himi-ross-20130811
- ↑ http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=588470&privcapId=1308876&previousCapId=729736&previousTitle=Swagelok%20Inc.
- ↑ Haberman, Clyde (November 2, 2008). "In Class - Lessons on an Election". The New York Times.
- ↑ Jill Colvin, Ross Barkan and Colin Campbell (March 26, 2014). "Mayoral Candidates: Where Are They Now?". New York Observer.
External links
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