Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava

Basil Sheridan Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava DL (6 April 1909 – 25 March 1945), styled Earl of Ava from 1918 until 1930, was a Conservative politician and soldier.

Early life and family

Dufferin was the eldest child and only son of the 3rd Marquess of Dufferin and Ava. He was educated at Lockers Park School^[1] and Eton College, and then at Balliol College, Oxford. Following his father's succession to the marquessate in 1918 he was known as the Earl of Ava. At Eton he won the coveted Rosebery Prize, the highest possible distinction for a history pupil, when aged sixteen. At Oxford he was friends with among others Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford. He was also a contemporary and close friend of the poet John Betjeman. Betjeman wrote of his friend as "the dark, heavy-lidded companion" in his poem Brackenbury Scholar of Balliol.

Political career and the war

After university Lord Dufferin pursued a career in politics. He made his maiden speech in the House of Lords in December 1931, aged just 22, during a debate on India. Only a few days later he was appointed to the Indian Franchise Committee which was to tour the country during its researches. After his return from India he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the 11th Marquess of Lothian, who was Under-Secretary of State for India, and then to the 3rd Viscount Halifax (later 1st Earl of Halifax) who was successively President of the Board of Education from 1932 to 1935, Secretary of State for War in 1935, and Lord Privy Seal from 1935 to 1937. Lord Dufferin was chairman of the Primrose League from 1932 to 1934, a Lord-in-Waiting to King George VI from 1936 to 1937 and was himself appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1937 before he resigned from the government in 1940 to join the British Army, refusing a post in the World War II coalition government of Winston Churchill.

He received a commission as a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in July 1940 but was released from the Army in 1941 to become Director of the Empire Division of the Ministry of Information. The following year he undertook a special mission abroad for the ministry, and rejoined the Army in 1944. Lord Dufferin was serving with the Indian Field Broadcasting Unit on 25 March 1945 when he was filmed demanding the surrender of Japanese troops who were sheltered in a tunnel; the film then captured Lord Dufferin's death when a Japanese mortar shell landed on the unit, just a few weeks short of his 36th birthday.^[2]

Family

Lord Dufferin and Ava married Maureen Constance, second daughter of the Hon. Arthur Ernest Guinness, himself the second son of Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh, on 3 July 1930 at St. Margaret's, Westminster. They had three children:

Lady Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood (16 July 1931 – 15 February 1996)
Lady Perdita Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood (b. 17 July 1934)
Sheridan Frederick Terence Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th and last Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (9 July 1938 – 29 May 1988)

Because he has no known grave in Burma, Lord Dufferin is commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, his name listed on Face 1 of the Rangoon Memorial in Taukkyan War Cemetery.^[3] In the family burial ground of Campo Santo at Clandeboye, County Down a Celtic cross stands to mark his loss and the earlier losses of the Dufferin family to war. His friend John Betjeman wrote the poem In Memory of Basil, Marquess of Dufferin and Ava in his memory. His widow married twice after his death, first to Major Harry Alexander Desmond ('Kelpie') Buchanan MC in 1948 (divorced 1954) and second in 1955 to Judge John Cyril Maude QC (1901-1986), but against precedent always used the title she acquired from her first marriage. Maureen, Lady Dufferin died on 3 May 1998 and is buried at Clandeboye.

Arms

Arms of Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
Coronet A Coronet of an Marquess Crest 1st: On a Cap of Maintenance Gules turned up Ermine a Crescent Argent (Blackwood); 2nd, On a Ducal Coronet Or a Martlet Gold (Temple); 3rd, a Demi-Antelope affrontée Ermine attired and unguled Or holding between his hoofs a Heart Gules (Hamilton, Earl of Clanbrassill) Escutcheon Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Azure a Fess Or in chief a Crescent Argent between two Mullets of the second and in base a Mascle of the third (Blackwood); 2nd, quarterly, 1st and 4th, Or an Eagle displayed Sable, 2nd and 3rd, Argent two Bars Sable each charged with three Martlets Or (Temple); 3rd, Gules three Cinquefoils pierced Ermine on a Chief Or a Lion passant of the field (Hamilton, Earl of Clanbrassill) Supporters Dexter: a Lion Gules armed and langued Azure gorged with a Tressure flory-counterflory Or; Sinister: an Heraldic Tiger Ermine gorged with a like Tressure Gules; each supporter supporting a Flag Staff proper therefrom flowing a Banner Or charged with a Peacock in his Pride also proper Motto Per Vias Rectas (By straight ways)

References

↑ Michael Bloch, James Lees-Milne: The Life (2009), p. 17
↑ Rankin, Nicholas. Telegram from Guernica: The Extraordinary Life of George Steer, War Correspondent. Faber & Faber, 2003.
↑ CWGC Casualty Record.

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Feversham	Lord-in-Waiting 1936–1937	Succeeded by The Earl Fortescue
Preceded by The Earl De La Warr	Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1937–1940	Succeeded by George Hall
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood	Marquess of Dufferin and Ava 1930–1945	Succeeded by Sheridan Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood

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