Blood money (restitution)

For other uses, see Blood money.

Blood money, also called bloodwit, is money or some sort of compensation paid by an offender (usually a murderer) or his/her family group to the family or kin group of the victim.[1]

Particular examples and uses

Blood money is, colloquially, the reward for bringing a criminal to justice. A common meaning in other contexts is the money-penalty paid by a murderer to the kinsfolk of the victim. These fines completely protect the offender (or the kinsfolk thereof) from the vengeance of the injured family. The system was common among Germanic peoples before the introduction of Christianity (weregild), and a scale of payments, graduated according to the heinousness of the crime, was fixed by laws, which further settled who could exact the blood-money, and who were entitled to share it. Homicide was not the only crime thus expiable: blood-money could be exacted for all crimes of violence. Some acts, such as killing someone in a church or while asleep, or within the precincts of the royal palace, were "bot-less"; and the death penalty was inflicted. Such a criminal was outlawed, and could be killed on sight.[2]

In Islam

Main articles: Qisas and Diyya

In Islamic terms, Qisas can in some cases result in blood money being paid out to the family of victims. The amount varies from country to country and from case to case.

In Japan

In Japanese culture it is common to give blood money or mimaikin to a victim's family. Such was the case with Lucie Blackman's father who accepted £450,000 as blood money for the murder of his daughter.[3]

In Korea

Under the Korean legal system, it is common for those accused of both minor (such as defamation) and serious crimes (such as rape) to offer blood money (hapuigeum, 합의금) to the victim, and if accepted then the perpetrator is usually excused further punishment. It is often brokered by the police.[4][5] Despite being common practice, its use in high-profile cases does sometimes result in protests.[6]

In Somalia

In the Somali people's customary law, which they call Xeer (a polycentric legal system developed indigenously), blood money is issued in the event of libel, theft, physical harm, rape and death, as well as to supply assistance to relatives of the injured party.[7]

Other meanings or uses

In Christianity

In the Christian Bible, the term is used to refer to the thirty pieces of silver Judas Iscariot receives in exchange for revealing the identity of Jesus Christ to the forces sent by the Pharisees and/or the Sanhedrin. After the crucifixion of Christ, Judas returns the payment to the chief priests, who “took the silver pieces and said, ‘It is not lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood.’” [8]

In shipping

"Shanghaiing" was the practice of the forced conscription of sailors. Boarding masters, whose job it was to find crews for ships, were paid "by the body," and thus had a strong incentive to place as many seamen on ships as possible.[9][10] This pay was called blood money.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "blood money | sociology | Britannica.com". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  2. ↑  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Blood-Money". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
  3. ↑ "Lucie's father 'helped killer by accepting blood money'". This is London Magazine Ltd. 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  4. ↑ Adam Walsh , "Korea Herald", March 30, 2010.
  5. ↑ Lyse Comins "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-10-06., "Daily News", October 6, 2009.
  6. ↑ Son Jun-hyun , "The Hankyoreh", November 30, 2010.
  7. ↑ Dr Andre Le Sage (2005-06-01). "Stateless Justice in Somalia" (PDF). Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  8. ↑ Matthew 27:6
  9. ↑ Hope, Ronald (2001). Poor Jack: The Perilous History of the Merchant Seaman. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-86176-161-9.
  10. ↑ "The Lookout of the Labor Movement" (PDF). Sailors Union of the Pacific. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  11. ↑ Georgia Smith (1988). "About That Blood in the Scuppers". Reclaiming San Francisco: History Politics and Culture, a City Lights Anthology. City Lights. Archived from the original on 2006-10-11. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
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