Breviceps
| Breviceps | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bushveld rain frog, B. adspersus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Brevicipitidae |
| Genus: | Breviceps Merrem, 1820 |
| Type species | |
| Rana gibbosa Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Species | |
|
16 or 17 species (see text) | |
Breviceps is a genus of frogs in the family Brevicipitidae. They are commonly known as rain frogs or short-headed frogs.[1][2] They occur in the arid to semiarid East and Southern Africa.[1]
Taxonomy
The genus Breviceps consists of 16 or 17 species, of which 14 occur in southern Africa. There are five species found in the Western Cape, B. gibbosus, B. fuscus (black rain frog), B. rosei (Rose’s rain frog), B. montanus (mountain rain frog) and B. acutirostris (strawberry rain frog). Two species are found in arid areas and other species are found in the eastern and northern parts of southern Africa.[3]
In Amphibian Species of the World B. maculatus is synonymous to B. verrucosus,[1] while AmphibiaWeb considers it as a valid taxon:[2]
- Breviceps acutirostris Poynton, 1963
- Breviceps adspersus Peters, 1882
- Breviceps bagginsi Minter, 2003
- Breviceps branchi Channing, 2012
- Breviceps fichus Channing and Minter, 2004
- Breviceps fuscus Hewitt, 1925
- Breviceps gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Breviceps macrops Boulenger, 1907
- Breviceps montanus Power, 1926
- Breviceps mossambicus Peters, 1854
- Breviceps namaquensis Power, 1926
- Breviceps poweri Parker, 1934
- Breviceps rosei Power, 1926
- Breviceps sopranus Minter, 2003
- Breviceps sylvestris FitzSimons, 1930
- Breviceps verrucosus Rapp, 1842
Description
Breviceps are sexually dimorphic: males are much smaller than females.[2] This prevents normal amplexus; instead, males and females produce an adhesive secretion from the skin that allows them to "stick" together during mating.[2][4]
Ecology and behaviour
Breviceps spend most of the year underground; even when on the surface, they are inconspicuous because of their slow movements and cryptic colouration. They walk rather than hop. They are able to burrow rapidly, backwards, into the soil by using the enlarged, spade-like metatarsal tubercles on their feet.[4]
These frogs emerge after rain to feed on small arthropods such as ants, termites, beetles, moths, woodlice, amphipods, juvenile millipedes, and caterpillars. Reproduction also occurs during the rainy season. Choruses start immediately after heavy rains, although this may be delayed in colder areas. Eggs are laid in chambers below the surface of the soil, rocks, or fallen logs. After hatching, the movements of the tadpoles make the remains of the egg mass into a froth. The female remains close to the egg chamber until the tadpoles are fully developed.[4]
References
- 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Breviceps Merrem, 1820". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 "Brevicipitidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ↑ "Cape rain frog". SANBI. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
- 1 2 3 Minter, Leslie Rory (1999). Aspects of the reproductive biology of Breviceps (Ph.D.). University of the Witwatersrand.
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