Cabinet of Indonesia

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The Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kabinet Republik Indonesia) is the council of ministers appointed by the President. Indonesia has seen dozens of cabinets since independence in 1945, although during the New Order most cabinets remained unchanged for five years at a time. Most cabinets are referred to by the names given them at the time of formation. The current presidential cabinet is the Working Cabinet of Joko Widodo.

History of the Indonesian cabinet

The concept of a cabinet is not mentioned explicitly in the 1945 Constitution, so Indonesia's cabinets since 14 November 1945 are the result of administrative convention. There have been two types of cabinet in Indonesian history; presidential and parliamentary. In presidential cabinets, the president is responsible for government policy as head of state and government, while in parliamentary cabinets, the cabinet carries out government policy, and is responsible to the legislature.^[1]

During the War of Independence from 1945-1949, the cabinet changed from a presidential to a parliamentary system, despite this not being the system intended by those who drew up the Constitution; however, at several critical periods, it reverted to a presidential system. During this period, the cabinet had between 16 and 37 ministers with 12-15 ministries.^[2]

On 27 December 1949, the Netherlands recognised the sovereignty of the United States of Indonesia (RIS). Under the Federal Constitution of 1949, the RIS had a parliamentary cabinet as ministers were responsible for government policy. With the return to the unitary state of Indonesia in August 1950, the parliamentary cabinet system remained due to an agreement between the governments of the RIS and the Republic of Indonesia (a constituent of the RIS). Article 83 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950 stated that ministers had full responsibility for government policy. Over the following nine years there were seven cabinets with between 18 and 25 members.^[3]

On 5 July 1959, President Sukarno issued a decree abrogating the 1950 Constitution and returning to the 1945 Constitution. The cabinet was also dissolved. A new presidential cabinet was formed shortly after and this system has continued to the present day. During the final years of Sukarno's presidency, cabinets were larger, peaking at 111 ministers.

During the New Order under President Suharto, cabinets were smaller, and from 1968 until 1998 lasted for the five-year presidential term. Following the fall of Suharto and the beginning of the Reformasi era, the presidential cabinet system has been retained.^[4]

Until 2010, cabinet ministries were dubbed Departments following the United States model.

Current Cabinet

Main article: Working Cabinet (Joko Widodo)

The present Indonesian cabinet, the Working Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Kerja), was sworn in on October 27, 2014. The cabinet consists of 34 ministers.^[5] On August 12, 2015, President Jokowi held the first reshuffle of his cabinet, replacing 6 ministers just 10 months after his inauguration. He further reshuffled his ministerial team on July 27, 2016^[6]^[7]

Office	Portfolio	Minister	Party	In Office since
Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan	Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Defense Ministry of Law and Human Rights Ministry of Communication and Informatics Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Attorney General's Office National Armed Forces National Police State Intelligence Agency	Wiranto	Hanura	July 27, 2016
Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Ekonomi	Ministry of Finance Ministry of Industry Ministry of Trade Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Manpower Ministry of Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Ministry of Land and Spatial Planning Ministry of Environment and Forestry	Darmin Nasution	Independent	August 12, 2015
Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman	Ministry of Transportation Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry of Tourism Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources	Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan	Golkar	July 27, 2016
Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan	Ministry of Health Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of Education and Culture Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Ministry of Religious Affairs Ministry of Female Empowerment and Child Protection Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Ministry of Youth and Sports Affairs	Puan Maharani	PDIP	October 27, 2014

Portfolio	Minister	Party	In Office since
Ministry of State Secretariat Kementerian Sekretariat Negara	Pratikno	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Home Affairs Kementerian Dalam Negeri	Tjahjo Kumolo	PDIP	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kementerian Luar Negeri	Retno Marsudi	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Defense Kementerian Pertahanan	Ryamizard Ryacudu	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Law and Human Rights Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia	Yasonna Laoly	PDIP	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Finance Kementerian Keuangan	Sri Mulyani Indrawati	Independent	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral	Archandra Tahar	Independent	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Industry Kementerian Perindustrian	Airlangga Hartanto	Golkar	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Trade Kementerian Perdagangan	Enggartiasto Lukita	Nasdem Party	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Agriculture Kementerian Pertanian	Amran Sulaiman	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan	Siti Nurbaya Bakar	Nasdem	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Transportation Kementerian Perhubungan	Budi Karya Sumadi	Independent	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan	Susi Pudjiastuti	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Manpower Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan	Hanif Dhakiri	PKB	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi	Eko Putro Sandjojo	PKB	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat	Basuki Hadimuljono	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Health Kementerian Kesehatan	Nila Moeloek	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Education and Culture Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan	Muhadjir Effendy	Independent	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan TInggi	Muhammad Nasir	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Social Affairs Kementerian Sosial	Khofifah Indar Parawansa	PKB	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Religious Affairs Kementerian Agama	Lukman Hakim Saifuddin	PPP	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Tourism Kementerian Pariwisata	Arief Yahya	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Communication and Informatics Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika	Rudiantara	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah	Anak Agung Gede Ngurah Puspayoga	PDIP	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Female Empowerment and Child Protection Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak	Yohana Yembise	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi	Asman Abnur	PAN	July 27, 2016
Ministry of National Development Planning/ National Development Planning Agency Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional / Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional	Bambang Brodjonegoro	Independent	July 27, 2016
Ministry of Land and Spatial Planning / National Land Affairs Agency Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang / Badan Pertanahan Nasional	Sofyan Djalil	Independent	July 27, 2016
Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara	Rini Soemarno	Independent	October 27, 2014
Ministry of Youth and Sports Affairs Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga	Imam Nahrawi	PKB	October 27, 2014

Cabinet-level Officials

Portfolio	Incumbent Head	In office since
Attorney General's Office Jaksa Agung	Muhammad Prasetyo	November 20, 2014
National Armed Forces Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia	Gatot Nurmantyo	July 8, 2015
National Police Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia	Tito Karnavian	April 17, 2015
Cabinet Secretary Sekretaris Kabinet	Pramono Anung	August 12, 2015
State Intelligence Agency Kepala Badan Intelijen Negara	Budi Gunawan	July 8, 2015
Investment Coordinating Board Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal	Thomas Lembong	July 27, 2016
Presidential Staff Office Kepala Staf Kepresidenan	Teten Masduki	September 2, 2015

List of Indonesian Cabinets

Parliamentary cabinets were usually known by the name of the prime minister, but after 1959 they were named after their principal tasking.^[8] The complete list of cabinets follows:^[9]^[10]

Name of Cabinet	Head of Cabinet	Period of Office

Presidential Cabinet	Sukarno	2 September 1945 – 23 November 1945
First Sjahrir Cabinet	Sutan Sjahrir	23 November 1945 – 12 March 1946
Second Sjahrir Cabinet		12 March 1946 – 2 October 1946
Third Sjahrir Cabinet		2 October 1946 – 27 June 1947
First Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet	Amir Sjarifuddin	3 July 1947 – 11 November 1947
Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet	Amir Sjarifuddin	11 November 1947 – 29 January 1948
First Hatta Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	29 January 1948 – 19 December 1949
Emergency Cabinet	Sjafruddin Prawiranegara	22 December 1948 – 13 July 1949
First Hatta Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	13 July 1949 – 4 August 1949
Second Hatta Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	4 August – 14 December 1949

RUSI Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	20 December 1949 – 7 September 1950
Susanto Cabinet	Susanto Tirtoprodjo	27 December 1949 – 21 January 1950
Halim Cabinet	Abdul Halim	21 January 1950 – 7 September 1950

Natsir Cabinet	Muhammad Natsir	7 September 1950 – 27 April 1951
Sukiman Cabinet	Sukiman Wirjosandjojo	27 April 1951 – 3 April 1952
Wilopo Cabinet	Wilopo	3 April 1952 – 30 July 1953
First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet	Ali Sastroamidjojo	30 July 1953 – 1 August 1955
Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet	Burhanuddin Harahap	1 August 1955 – 24 March 1956
Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet	Ali Sastroamidjojo	26 March 1956 – 9 April 1957
Djuanda Cabinet	Djuanda Kartawidjaja	10 April 1957 – 10 July 1959

First Working Cabinet	Sukarno	10 July 1959 – 18 February 1960
Second Working Cabinet		18 February 1960 – 8 March 1962
Third Working Cabinet		8 March 1962 – 23 November 1963
Fourth Working Cabinet		23 November 1963 – 2 September 1964
Dwikora Cabinet		2 September 1964 – 24 February 1966
Revised Dwikora Cabinet		24 February 1966 – 30 March 1966
Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet		30 March – 25 July 1966
Ampera Cabinet	Sukarno (until March 1967, then Suharto)	28 July 1966 – 14 October 1967
Revised Ampera Cabinet	Suharto	14 October 1967 – 10 June 1968

First Development Cabinet	Suharto	10 June 1968 – 28 March 1973
Second Development Cabinet		28 March 1973 – 31 March 1978
Third Development Cabinet		31 March 1978 – 19 March 1983
Fourth Development Cabinet		19 March 1983 – 23 March 1988
Fifth Development Cabinet		23 March 1988 – 19 March 1993
Sixth Development Cabinet		19 March 1993 – 16 March 1998
Seventh Development Cabinet		16 March 1998 – 23 May 1998

Development Reform Cabinet	Jusuf Habibie	23 May 1998 – 29 October 1999
National Unity Cabinet	Abdurrahman Wahid	29 October 1999 – 9 August 2001
Mutual Assistance Cabinet	Megawati Sukarnoputri	10 August 2001 – 20 October 2004
United Indonesia Cabinet	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	21 October 2004 – 22 October 2009
Second United Indonesia Cabinet	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	22 October 2009 – 20 October 2014
Working Cabinet	Joko Widodo	27 October 2014 – present^[11]
Source: Simanjuntak 2003

References

Daniel Dhaidae & H. Witdarmono (Eds) (2000)Wajah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republic Indonesia Pemilihan Umum 1999 (Faces of the Republic of Indonesia People's Representative Council 1999 General Election) Harian Kompas, Jakarta, ISBN 979-9251-43-5
Feith, Herbert (2007) The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, ISBN 9793780452
Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-499-8.
Yayasan API (2001),Panduan Parlemen Indonesia (Indonesian Parliamentary Guide), ISBN 979-96532-1-5

Notes

↑ Simanjuntak (2003) p1
↑ Simanjuntak (2003) p2
↑ Simanjuntak (2003) pp. 3-4
↑ Simanjuntak (2003) pp. 5-6
↑ "Jokowi's Cabinet announced, here is the lineup". The Jakarta Post. 26 October 2014. Retrieved 7 Nov 2016.
↑ "Presiden Jokowi lantik enam menteri baru". BBC.com. August 12, 2015.
↑ Ayomi Amindoni (27 July 2016), "Jokowi's new Cabinet announced", The Jakarta Post, retrieved 5 August 2016
↑ Simanjuntak (2003) p66
↑ Simanjuntak (2003)
↑ Feith (2007)
↑ "Cabinet Announcement Still Elusive but State Palace Targets Monday Inauguration". http://thejakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/cabinet-announcement-still-elusive-state-palace-targets-monday-inauguration/. Jakarta Globe. External link in |website= (help)

External links

Indonesian Cabinet 1945 – 2001, Indonesian Embassy in the United Kingdom

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Current Government of Indonesia Executive Branch (Working Cabinet)

Ministry

Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs	Home Affairs Foreign Affairs Defence Law and Human Rights Communication and Informatics Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform

Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs	Finance Industry Trade Agriculture Manpower Cooperation and Small & Medium Enterprises State Owned Enterprises Public Works and Public Housing Land and Spatial Planning Environment and Forestry

Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs	Transportation Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Tourism Energy and Mineral Resources

Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs	Health Social Affairs Religious Affairs Female Empowerment and Child Protection Village, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Youth and Sports Affairs Education and Culture Research, Technology and Higher Education

Minister without Coordinating Minister	National Development (National Development Planning Agency) State Secretariat (State Secretary)

Cabinet-rank
Officials

Cabinet-related
Officials

Cabinet Secretary

List of Cabinets of Indonesia

Independence Struggle (Presidential)	Sukarno

Independence Struggle (Parliamentary)	Sjahrir I Sjahrir II Sjahrir III Amir Sjarifuddin I Amir Sjarifuddin II Hatta I Emergency (Sjafruddin) Hatta II

Liberal Democracy (Federation)	United States of Indonesia Cabinet (Central/Federation Cabinet) Republic of Indonesia Cabinet (State Cabinet) (Susanto and Halim)

Liberal Democracy (Unitary)	Natsir Sukiman Wilopo Ali Sastroamidjojo I Burhanuddin Harahap Ali Sastroamidjojo II Djuanda

Guided Democracy	Working I Working II Working III Working IV Dwikora I Dwikora II Dwikora III Ampera I Ampera II

New Order	Development I Development II Development III Development IV Development V Development VI Development VII Era

Post-Suharto era	Development Reform National Unity Mutual Assistance United Indonesia (I) United Indonesia II Working

National cabinets of Asia

Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen

States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan

Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau

National cabinets of Oceania

Sovereign states	Australia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu

Associated states of New Zealand	Cook Islands Niue

Dependencies and other territories	American Samoa Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Easter Island French Polynesia Guam Hawaii New Caledonia Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Pitcairn Islands Tokelau Wallis and Futuna

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