Carl David Tolmé Runge
| Carl Runge | |
|---|---|
 Carl David Tolmé Runge | |
| Born |
30 August 1856 Bremen, German Confederation |
| Died |
3 January 1927 (aged 70) Göttingen, Weimar Republic |
| Residence | Germany |
| Citizenship | German |
| Fields |
Mathematics Physics |
| Institutions |
University of Hanover (1886–1904) Georg-August University of Göttingen (1904–1925) |
| Alma mater | Berlin University |
| Doctoral advisor |
Karl Weierstrass Ernst Kummer |
| Doctoral students |
Max Born Friedrich Adolf Willers Hermann König |
| Known for |
Runge–Kutta method Runge's phenomenon Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector |
Carl David Tolmé Runge (German: [ˈʀʊŋə]; 30 August 1856 – 3 January 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist.
He was co-developer and co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method (German pronunciation: [ˈʀʊŋə ˈkʊta]), in the field of what is today known as numerical analysis.
Biography
He spent the first few years of his life in Havana, where his father Julius Runge was the Danish consul. The family later moved to Bremen, where his father died early (in 1864).
In 1880, he received his Ph.D. in mathematics at Berlin, where he studied under Karl Weierstrass. In 1886, he became a professor at the Technische Hochschule Hannover in Hanover, Germany.
His interests included mathematics, spectroscopy, geodesy, and astrophysics. In addition to pure mathematics, he did a great deal of experimental work studying spectral lines of various elements (together with Heinrich Kayser), and was very interested in the application of this work to astronomical spectroscopy.
In 1904, on the initiative of Felix Klein he received a call to the Georg-August University of Göttingen, which he accepted. There he remained until his retirement in 1925.
Family
His son, Wilhelm Runge, was an early developer of radar. His daughter, Nerina (Nina) Runge, married the mathematician Richard Courant. Another of his daughters, Iris, also became a mathematician.
Honors
The crater Runge on the Moon is named after him.
See also
- Runge-Kutta numerical method for solving ordinary differential equations
- Runge's phenomenon
- Runge's method for diophantine equations.
- Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector
- Runge's theorem
Works
- Ueber die Krümmung, Torsion und geodätische Krümmung der auf einer Fläche gezogenen Curven (PhD dissertation, Friese, 1880)
- Analytische Geometrie der Ebene (B.G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1908)
- Graphical methods; a course of lectures delivered in Columbia university, New York, October, 1909, to January, 1910 (Columbia University Press, New York, 1912)
- Carl Runge und Hermann König Vorlesungen über numerisches Rechnen (Springer, Heidelberg, 1924)
- Graphische Methoden (Teubner, 1928)
- Vector Analysis (Goettingen, 1919)
Bibliography
- Paschen F (1929). "Carl Runge". Astrophysical Journal. 69: 317–321. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..317P. doi:10.1086/143192.
- Iris Runge: Carl Runge und sein wissenschaftliches Werk, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1949.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carl Runge. |
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Carl David Tolmé Runge", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- Biography
- Carl David Tolmé Runge at the Mathematics Genealogy Project