Chausath Yogini Temple, Morena
The Chausath Yogini Temple, Morena(Hindi: चौंशठ योगिणीं मंदिर), an ancient temple, also known as Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple(Hindi: एकत्त्तरसो महादेव मंदिर), "hypetheral on plan" located in Morena district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, is one of the few such Yogini temples in the country which is in a very good condition. The temple is formed by a circular wall with 64 chambers and an open mandapa in the centre, separated by a courtyard, which is circular in shape, where Lord Shiva is deified [1] It is believed that the Parliament House, known as Sansad Bhavan, built in Delhi in the 1920s, has been patterned on the lines of this circular-shaped Chausath Yogini Temple, dated to 1323 AD.
The temple has been declared as an ancient historical monument by the Archaeological Survey of India.
Location
The temple is located on a hill which is about 100 feet (30 m) in height[2] and there are 100 steps to climb leading to the entrance of the temple. It is in the Mitaoli village (also spelled Mitawali or Mitavali), near Padaoli in Morena district.[1] The temple is well connected by road, rail and air services. The nearest rail head is Morena which is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away. The nearest airport is at Gwalior, which is 40 kilometres (25 mi) away.[3][4]
History
According to an inscription dated to 1323 CE (Vikram Samvat 1383),[5] the temple was built by the Kachchhapaghata king Devapala (r. c. 1055-1075 CE).[6] It is said that the temple was the venue of providing education in astrology and mathematics based on the transit of the Sun.[3][4][7]
The Archaeological Survey of India has declared the temple as an ancient and historical monument under Act No. LXXI of 1951, dt.28/11/1951.[3]
Features
The temple is externally circular in shape with a radius of 170 feet (52 m)[2] and within its interior part it has 64 small chambers, each with a mandapa which is open and a facia of pilasters and pillars. The roof of the entire structure is flat including that of another east facing circular temple within the outer circular wall. A large passage or courtyard lies between the outer enclosure and the central temple which is dedicated to Lord Shiva.[3] There is an open porch entrance to this temple.[1] The exterior surface of the outer wall has carvings of Hindu deities.[4] Each of the 64 chambers in the outer circle has an image of Shiva deified in it. However, recent investigations have confirmed that originally these had a Yogini image deified in them and hence the temple is known as Chausath Yogini Temple ('Chausath' here means "Sixty four"[8] ). It is said that the roof over the 64 chambers and the central shrine had towers or shikharas which were probably removed during later modifications.[3]
Within the main central shrine there are slab coverings which have perforations in them to drain rainwater to a large underground storage. The pipe lines from the roof lead the rain water to the storage are also visible. The temple needs conservation measures to preserve the ancient monument in good shape.[4]
The design of the temple has withstood earthquake shocks, without any damage to its circular structural features, in the past several centuries. The temple is in the Seismic Zone III. This fact was cited when the issue of safety from earthquake effect of the Parliament House which is also a circular structure, similar to the Chausath Yogini Temple, was debated in the Indian Parliament.[7]
References
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- 1 2 3 Museums 2001, p. 21.
- 1 2 "Mitawali". National Informatics Centre.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple". Archaeological Survey of India.
- 1 2 3 4 "History Hunting". The Pioneer. 21 July 2013.
- ↑ "Research Proposal On"Birth of Women Dacoits A Case Study of U.P. and M.P."". National Informatics Centre, Government of India.
- ↑ David Gordon White (2006). Kiss of the Yogini. University of Chicago Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780226027838.
- 1 2 "Government should have confidence in this House". The Hindu. 9 August 2012.
- ↑ "Chausath Yogini Temple: A striking similarity to the Indian Parliament". New Delhi Television (NDTV).
Bibliography
- Museums, Directorate of Archaeology & (2001). Puratan, Volume 12. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Madhya Pradesh.
Coordinates: 26°26′12″N 78°14′07″E / 26.4368°N 78.2352°E