Congaree National Park

Congaree National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Map showing the location of Congaree National Park
Location Richland County, South Carolina, USA
Nearest city Eastover, South Carolina (town)
Coordinates 33°47′0″N 80°47′0″W / 33.78333°N 80.78333°W / 33.78333; -80.78333Coordinates: 33°47′0″N 80°47′0″W / 33.78333°N 80.78333°W / 33.78333; -80.78333
Area 26,276 acres (41.056 sq mi; 10,634 ha; 106.34 km2)
26,021 acres (40.658 sq mi; 10,530 ha; 105.30 km2) federal[1]
Established November 10, 2003
Visitors 120,122 (in 2014)[2]
Governing body National Park Service
Website Congaree National Park
Designated February 2, 2012
Designated May 1974

Congaree National Park preserves the largest tract of old growth bottomland hardwood forest left in the United States. Located in South Carolina, the 26,276-acre (41.06 sq mi; 10,633.52 ha; 106.34 km2) national park received that designation in 2003 as the culmination of a grassroots campaign which had started in 1969. The lush trees growing in this floodplain forest are some of the tallest in the Eastern U.S., forming one of the highest temperate deciduous forest canopies remaining in the world. The Congaree River flows through the park. About 57 percent (15,000 acres or 61 square kilometers) of the park is designated wilderness area.

Park history

Cedar Creek

Pre-park

Resource extraction on the Congaree River centered on cypress logging from 1898, when the Santee River Cypress Logging Company began to operate in the area of what is now the park. Owned by the Beidler family of Chicago, the company operated until 1914, after which the Beidlers retained ownership of the area. In the 1950s Harry R.E. Hampton was a member of the Cedar Creek Hunt Club and co-editor of the The State.[3] Hampton joined with Peter Manigault at the Charleston The Post and Courier to advocate preservation of the Congaree floodplain. Hampton formed the Beidler Forest Preservation Association in 1961. As a result of this advocacy a 1963 study by the National Park Service reported favorably on the establishment of a national monument.[4]

Monument and park establishment

No progress was made in the 1960s. Renewed logging by the Beidlers in 1969 prompted the 1972 formation of the Congaree Swamp National Preserve Association (CSNPA). The CSNPA joined forces with the Sierra Club and other conservation organizations to promote federal legislation to preserve the tract. South Carolina Senators Strom Thurmond and Ernest F. Hollings introduced legislation in 1975 for the establishment of a national preserve. On October 18, 1976 legislation was passed to create Congaree Swamp National Monument. An expansion plan was introduced by Hollings and Thurmond in 1988, expanding the monument to 22,200 acres (9,000 ha).[4]

Over two-thirds of the national monument was designated a wilderness area on October 24, 1988, and it became an Important Bird Area on July 26, 2001. Congress redesignated the monument Congaree National Park on November 10, 2003, dropping the inappropriate "swamp" from the name, and simultaneously expanded its authorized boundary by approximately 4,576 acres (1,852 ha). As of December 31, 2011, approximately 26,021 acres (10,530 ha) of the park are in Federal ownership.[1][4]

Environment

The park preserves a significant part of the Middle Atlantic coastal forests ecoregion.[5] Although it is frequently referred to as a swamp, it is largely bottomland subject to periodic inundation by floodwaters.[1]

It has been designated an old growth forest. The park also has one of the largest concentrations of champion trees in the world, with the tallest known examples of 15 species. Champion trees include a 167-foot (51 m) 361-point loblolly pine, a157-foot (48 m) 384-point sweetgum, a 154-foot (47 m) 465-point cherrybark oak, a 135-foot (41 m) 354-point American elm, a 133-foot (41 m) 356-point swamp chestnut oak, a 131-foot (40 m) 371-point overcup oak, and a 127-foot (39 m) 219-point common persimmon.[6][7]

Large animals possibly seen in the park include bobcats, deer, feral pigs, feral dogs, coyotes, armadillos, turkeys, and otters. Its waters contain interesting creatures like amphibians, turtles, snakes, alligators, and many types of fish, including bowfin, alligator gar, and catfish.[8]

Amenities and attractions

In addition to being a designated Wilderness Area, an International Biosphere Reserve, a Globally Important Bird Area and a National Natural Landmark, Congaree National Park features primitive campsites and offers hiking, canoeing, kayaking, and bird watching. Primitive and backcountry camping are available. Some of the hiking trails include the Bluff Trail (0.7 mi), Weston Lake Loop Trail (4.6 mi), Oakridge Trail (7.5 mi), and King Snake Trail (11.1 mi) where hikers may spot deer, raccoon, opossum, and even bobcat tracks. The National Park Service rangers have current trail conditions which can be found in the Harry Hampton Visitor Center. Along with hiking trails, the park also has a 20-mile (32 km) marked canoe trail on Cedar Creek.

Most visitors to the park walk along the Boardwalk Loop, an elevated 2.4-mile (3.9 km) walkway through the swampy environment that protects delicate fungi and plant life at ground level. Congaree boasts both the tallest (169 ft, 51.4m) and largest (42 cubic meters) Loblolly Pines (Pinus taeda) alive today. The Harry Hampton Visitor Center features exhibits about the natural history of the park, and the efforts to protect the swamp. There is also an orientation film.

Documentary

In 2008, South Carolina Educational Television (SCETV) produced a documentary on the history of the Congaree National Park titled Roots in the River: The Story of Congaree National Park. The documentary featured interviews with people involved in the movement that eventually led to the area's U.S. National Monument status, and observed the role the park plays in the surrounding community of the Lower Richland County area of South Carolina. The program first aired on the SCETV network in September 2009.

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 3 "Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2011". Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
  2. ↑ "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  3. ↑ Arning, David R. (September 7, 2005). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Woodlands" (PDF). National Park Service.
  4. 1 2 3 Almlie, Elizabeth J. (2011). "A Place of Nature and Culture: The Founding of Congaree National Park, South Carolina" (PDF). Federal History Journal (3). Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  5. ↑ Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001). "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth". BioScience. 51 (11): 933–938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on 2011-10-14.
  6. ↑ Bronaugh, Whit (Summer 2009). "Congaree: Where The Trees Are Still Tall". American Forests.
  7. ↑ "Congaree National Park Big Trees!" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  8. ↑ http://www.wildlifesouth.com/Locations/SouthCarolina/Congaree.html
Sources
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