Corallus hortulanus

Corallus hortulanus
In the Caroni Swamp, Trinidad
Conservation status
Not Evaluated
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Boidae
Subfamily:	Boinae
Genus:	Corallus
Species:	C. hortulanus
Binomial name
Corallus hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Coluber hortulanus Linnaeus, 1754 [Boa] Hortulana Linnaeus, 1758 [Boa] Enydris Linnaeus, 1758 Boa hortulana Linnaeus, 1766 Vipera bitis Laurenti, 1768 Vipera madarensis Laurenti, 1768 [Coluber] madarensis Gmelin, 1788 [Coluber] Bitis Gmelin, 1788 Boa Merremii Sentzen, 1796 Boa Ambleocephala Donndorff, 1798 Boa Merremi Schneider, 1801 Boa obtusiceps Bechstein, 1802 Boa elegans Daudin, 1803 Corallus obtusirostris Daudin, 1803 Xiphostoma ornatum Wagler, 1824 Xiphostoma dorsuale - Wagler, 1824 X[iphosoma]. hortulanum Fitzinger, 1826 [Xiphosoma] Merremii Wagler, 1830 Boa modesta Reuss, 1830 Boa hortulana Schlegel, 1837 Corallus maculatus Gray, 1842 Corallus hortulanus Gray, 1842 Xiphosoma hortulanum A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844 Corallus hortulanus Boulenger, 1893 Boa hortulana Ihering, 1911 Boa hortulana Griffin, 1916 Boa enydris enydris Stull, 1935 Corallus enydris Forcart, 1951 Corallus enydris enydris Forcart, 1951 Corallus hortulanus hortulanus Roze, 1966 Corallus enydris Henderson, 1993 Corallus hortulanus McDiarmid, Touré & Savage, 1996[1]

Common names: Amazon tree boa, macabrel, Cook's tree boa, common tree boa,^[2] garden tree boa.^[3]

Corallus hortulanus is a non-venomous boa species found in South America. No subspecies are currently recognized.^[2]

Description

Adults grow to an average of 5 and 6.5 feet (1.5–2 m) in length.^[4] This species exhibits an immense variety of colors and patterns. The basic color can be anywhere from black, brown, or gray, to any shade of red, orange, yellow, or many colors in between. Some are totally patternless, while others may be speckled, banded, or saddled with rhomboid or chevron shapes. Some reds will have yellow patterns, some yellows red or orange patterns. Generally, there are two color 'phases' that are genetically inherited, but are not ontogenic as with the emerald tree boa,C. caninus and the green tree python, Morelia viridis. The 'garden phase' refers to boas with drab coloration, mostly brown or olive, with varied patterning, while the 'colored phase' refers to animals with combinations of red, orange, and yellow coloring.

• 
  adult in Peru
• 
  juvenile in Ecuador
• 
  juvenile in Peru

Geographic range

Found in South America in southern Colombia east of the Andes, southern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil, Costa Rica Ecuador, Peru,and Bolivia. The type locality given is "America."^[1]

Typically found below 300 m elevation.

Behavior

These animals are notorious for being very aggressive, although as with all snakes this varies. These animals also have very long needle-like teeth which makes their bite quite painful. However these snakes tend to give some warning of being inclined to bite, and will usually give fairly gentle bites (which can still draw blood) unless they are given reason to give a full strike.

The aggressiveness is in part due to the species feeding cycle. The snakes are night time hunters, so they are in hunting mode when they are most likely to be handled by an owner. Being in a hunting mood and being that an owners hands are usually nice, hot and prey sized (Amazon Boas hunt mainly using their heat sensors) - people do get bitten, although as with most snakes, the animal will soon realize their mistake and let go, since they can recognize the smell of their owner. It is uncommon for a constrictor snake that knows the person handling it to strike and constrict the person, as they would a food item, unless the snake is very agitated.

These snakes are quite slim and don't have the mass of some of their other constrictor cousins such as the terrestrial Python, Boa and Rat/Corn snake species. Prospective owners however should be advised that while the snake is quite lightweight and gracile in comparison to some other species, it in no way means the Amazon Tree Boa is a weakling. It is more than capable of resisting being moved by both using its strength to anchor itself to the local surroundings, and if agitated striking to defend itself. Male snakes also have spurs under their tail by the vent (the bony remainder of the hips and back legs) and will flail their bodies to bring these into play. The spurs are also used to assist in mating.

A good tip to protect oneself from bites is to wear gloves of some description over the hands, this can shield the heat of the hands and therefore the snake is less likely to strike since it doesn't have a hot target to aim for.

See also

• List of boine species and subspecies
• Boinae by common name
• Boinae by taxonomic synonyms

References

1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
2. "Corallus hortulanus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
3. Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
4. Burnie D, Wilson DE. 2001. Animal. Dorling Kindersley. 624 pp. ISBN 0-7894-7764-5.

Further reading

• Mattison C. 1999. Snake. DK Publishing. ISBN 0-7894-4660-X.

External links

• Corallus hortulanus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 14 July 2008.