DRDO AEW&CS

DRDO AEW&CS
DRDO AEW&CS, on an Embraer ERJ 145 at Aero India 2013
Role Airborne early warning and control
Manufacturer DRDO's Bengaluru-based Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS) (Early Warning Systems and Radar)
Embraer (platform)
First flight 6 December 2011
Introduction 2014–2015 [1]
Status Induction (June 2015)[2]
Primary user Indian Air Force
Developed from Embraer ERJ 145

The DRDO Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEWACS) is a project of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation to develop an airborne early warning and control system for the Indian Air Force.

Development history

In 2003, the Indian Air Force (IAF) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) carried out a joint study of the system-level requirements and feasibility of development for an Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEWAC) system.[3] The government then approved the project for the development of the AEWAC system by DRDO. Primary responsibility for the project was with DRDO's Bengaluru-based Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS), which led the design, system integration and testing of the system. LRDE was responsible for the design of the radar array. Defence Electronics Application Laboratory, based in Dehradun, was responsible for the Data Link and Communication Systems for AEW&CS.

The DRDO AEWACS programme aims to deliver three radar-equipped surveillance aircraft to the Indian Air Force. The aircraft platform selected was the Embraer ERJ 145. Three ERJ 145 were procured from Embraer at a cost of US $300 Million, including the contracted modifications to the airframe. The project goal was to deploy these AEW&C aircraft by 2013.[4] India's sole previous effort to develop an AEWAC system was the Airborne Surveillance Platform, but the programme, codenamed Airavat, was ended after the only test-bed crashed. The AEW&C project aimed to supplement the larger and more capable EL/W-2090 AWACS acquired by the IAF from Israel. Three EL/W-2090 systems have been ordered, with follow-on orders of 3 more expected in 2010.[5] Apart from providing the IAF with a cheaper and hence, more flexible AEW&C platform as a backup to its more capable EL/W-2090 class systems, the DRDO AEW&C project aimed to develop the domestic ability to design and operationalise airborne surveillance platforms.

The delivery of six additional systems ordered in October 2010 is to begin from 2015. In June 2010, it was reported that the Indian Air Force is said to be looking at acquiring up to 20 additional systems, in addition to the existing systems on order.[6][7][8]

Partners

The responsibility between various DRDO laboratories is split as follows:

  1. LRDE - Primary radar
  2. DEAL - Communication Systems and Data Link
  3. DARE - Self Protection suite, Electronic Support Measurement EW
  4. DLRL - Communication Support Measures
  5. CABS - IFF & Overall Programme Management, integration and development of the data handling system, displays, mission computers et al.

Various Indian private sector firms are involved in the programme. National Aerospace Laboratories contributed to the aerodynamic studies of the antenna array, and flight modelling of the entire AEWACS platform.

Design

Two radiating planar arrays assembled back-to-back and mounted on top of the fuselage in an active antenna array unit (AAAU) will provide 240° coverage like Erieye. The AAAU is configured to compactly house 10 × 2 antenna array panels, 160 transmit receive 10 × 2 antenna array panels, 160 transmit receive multi-modules (TRMMs) dividers, beam forming units, beam control units, power supply units and related electronic devices including cables and connectors. This has been achieved through an innovative and iterative process to arrive at the AAAU with minimal dimensions and optimum mass properties. A unique feature of this Indian TRMM design is that eight trans-receive modules are combined compactly to form a single TRMM, thus facilitating high density installation of 160 of them in the AAAU to power the surveillance radar.[9]

Additionally, the aircraft has other mission capabilities like identification friend or foe (IFF), electronic and communication support measures, C-band line-of-sight and Ku-band SATCOM datalinks, etc., similar to those on the AWACS and CAEW systems. The important modes of operation of the primary radar system are the surface surveillance and the air surveillance. The sensor has the abilities to search, track-while-scan, priority tracking, high performance tracking, etc. In priority tracking, the targets will be placed in full track mode even if these cross the primary surveillance area. In high performance tracking, additional measurements will be made to improve the tracking accuracy. Utilising active aperture technology, the radar provides a fast-beam agile system that can operate in several modes concurrently. Inter-operability with AWACS, other AEW&C aircraft, fighters and ground-exploitation stations is ensured using the data-links with voice and data channels. The aircraft cabin houses five operator work stations to adequately meet requirements of the operational mission tasks.

An air-to-air refuelling system enables extended operations at times of need. The endurance of the platform aircraft is about nine hours with one air-to-air refuelling.

Capabilities

The AEWACS aircraft will have an active electronically scanned array (AESA) primary radar with IFF. The system will also have ESM (Electronic Support Measures) and CSM (Communications Support Measures) ability. Datalinks to network the AEWACS with fighters, and ground based control systems will also be provided, as will be the SATCOM (Satellite Communication System). The aircraft will also have a comprehensive self-defence suite. The avionics suite will be linked via a datahandling system, controlled by Mission computers.

DRDO's public overview of the AEWACS aircraft stated:[10]

Status

The first round of modifications to the first EMB-145 fuselage for India’s early warning aircraft were made in March 2011 in preparation for integration with the Indian-designed antenna.

In June 2010, it was reported that the Active Array Antenna Unit (AAAU), developed by DRDO’s Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS), was to be integrated into the modified EMB-145 aircraft. First test flight of the system was expected in early 2011.[6][12][13][14][15]

The first modified fuselage platform was handed over to DRDO by Embraer in February 2011. Ground and flight tests of the aircraft were to be followed by installation of radar and other equipment.[16] The first fully modified EMB-145i Aircraft with the antenna and its electronic payload made its maiden flight on 6 December 2011 at Embraer facilities at Sao Jose dos Campos in Brazil with about 1000 Mission System Components provided by CABS, DRDO. These included the critical item – AESA (Active Electronic Scanning Antenna) Radar Antenna developed by DRDO and certified from ANAC, International FAR Certification Agency. at Sao Jose dos Campos in Brazil. Some of the sensitive advanced systems were replaced with dummy equipment of equivalent size and weight. These were to be integrated later in India following flight certification. A two-year certification period is expected. DRDO is expected to receive the next two aircraft platforms to start integration by mid-2012.[17][18]

Maiden flight of the second fully modified aircraft for the Indian Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEW&C) was held at 1930 IST on 4 April 2012 at the San Jose dos Campos in Brazil. The necessary mission systems and components including the dummy AAAU (Active Antenna Array Unit) are successfully fitted onboard Embraer EMB 145I aircraft.[19][20]

Embraer Defence and Security, on 16 August 2012 delivered the first EMB 145 Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) class of aircraft to the Government of India, in a ceremony held at Embraer's headquarters in São José dos Campos, Brazil. The delivery follows successful completion of ground and flight tests of the aircraft which met operational targets established by both Embraer and Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS) of Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). Later on the aircraft will be delivered to the Indian Air Force after integration of missions systems of DRDO by CABS in India.

First delivery

External images
The first AEW&CS on the runway at Aero India 2013 (side view)
Side-rear view
Rear view

The first fully modified aircraft for India's Airborne Early Warning and Control System landed on Indian soil at CABS (Centre for Airborne Systems, Bangalore, a DRDO laboratory) at 22:10 hours at HAL airport, Wednesday night at 22 August 2012. The acceptance of the aircraft was completed over a period of 15 days at Embraer Facilities in Brazil, by a team from CABS, its work centres, CEMILAC, DGAQA and IAF.

The aircraft ferried with several mission system external components of DRDO including the (AESA radar) Active Electronically scanned Array Antenna with passive electronics fitted on the aircraft. The arrival of this aircraft marks the beginning of another phase of journey leading to the next major milestone of integration of the DRDO developed mission system, which will be followed by development flight trials in India beginning of 2013. It may be noted that this is the first aircraft delivered by M/s Embraer for which the contract was signed in 2008. The next aircraft is expected to arrive in December 2012.

Future Development

DRDO and the Bengaluru-based Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS) have launched a new project to build larger and more capable AWACS. Initially, two AWACS aircraft will be developed, with four more to follow at a later stage. Clearances for the project were received from the government in January 2013.[21][22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ DRDO AWACS First Batch Delivery by 2015; Embraer EMB 145 May Not be Base Platform for Second Batch ~ MechaRocks
  2. ↑ "First DRDO AEW&C plan to be handed over to IAF in June". oneindia.com. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  3. ↑ "Development of Airborne Early Warning and Control System" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, GoI. 11 December 2003. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  4. ↑ Detailed 2008 Article on the AEWACS Project
  5. ↑ More Phalcons to be ordered
  6. 1 2 Embraer Develops Complementary Platforms For Indian Systems
  7. ↑ Indian Airborne Early Warning Aircraft On Track
  8. ↑ AEW&CS Project - IDP Sentinel
  9. ↑ http://publications.drdo.gov.in/gsdl/collect/defences/index/assoc/HASHef00/d0ae05fa.dir/doc.pdf
  10. ↑ DRDO article on the AEW & C
  11. ↑ ACIG Article on the AEWACS
  12. ↑ India defence (12 September 2010). "AWACS Developed by DRDO to Roll Out in January 2011; Flight Tests in 2011". india defence. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
  13. ↑ Embraer aircraft with Indian warning system to fly by 2011
  14. ↑ India developing unmanned combat air vehicle - India - DNA
  15. ↑ India to roll out indigenous AEW aircraft by 2012 - Brahmand.com
  16. ↑ Embraer unveils the new EM 145 AEW&C platform developed for the Indian government
  17. ↑ Livefist: FIRST PHOTO: India's AEW Platform Makes First Flight
  18. ↑ AEW&CS Project - IDP Sentinel
  19. ↑ :: Bharat-Rakshak.com - Indian Military News Headlines ::
  20. ↑ Livefist: FIRST LOOK: Maiden flight of the India's 2nd Indigenous AEW&C
  21. ↑ "India to launch AWACS project to counter China and Pakistan". The Times Of India. 19 June 2012.
  22. ↑ "India takes up AWACS programme, can penetrate enemy territory". The Economic Times. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
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