Daniel Sandford (British Army officer)
_and_Colonel_Wingate_(right)_in_Dambacha_Fort%2C_after_it_had_been_captured%2C_15_April_1941._E2462.jpg)
Brigadier Daniel Arthur Sandford CBE, DSO (18 June 1882 – 22 January 1972) was an officer in the British Army, and an adviser to Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia.
Early life
Sandford was born at Barnstaple, Devon in June 1882, son of the Venerable Ernest Grey Sandford, Archdeacon of Exeter; his great-grandfather was Daniel Sandford (Bishop of Edinburgh), and his brother was Lieutenant Richard Douglas Sandford VC.
He was commissioned into the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) as a second lieutenant on 18 August 1900, and was promoted to lieutenant on 22 May 1902.[1] Before the war, he saw imperial Service in both India and the Sudan.
First World War
Sandford first arrived at the Western Front in France as a Captain in February 1915, and by May 1916 had been promoted to the rank of Major and was Officer Commanding of the 94th (Siege) Battery, RGA, leading it in action from Hebuterne in Artois in opening of the Somme Offensive on 1 July 1916 until he was posted to command 355 (Siege) Battery in September 1918.[2][3]
Following the war he resigned and moved to Ethiopia. Colonel Sandford became an advisor to Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie.
Role in the Ethiopian Revolt of the Second World War
Until early 1936, before the Second World War, Sandford had been in Ethiopia, but he had to flee the country once it became clear that the 1935 Italian invasion of Ethiopia would succeed. Once in England, Sandford maintained contact with the exiled Emperor, Haile Selassie, who was based in Bath.
In August 1939, the head of the Middle East Command in Cairo, General Sir Archibald Wavell, summoned Sandford for duty. Wavell made Sandford a colonel and put him in charge of the Ethiopian Section in Middle East intelligence. Sandford immediately began liaising with resistance groups in Ethiopia, and in January 1940 toured the French- and British-held territories bordering Ethiopia to solicit support for a planned Allied-backed Ethiopian revolt against the Italians. The British plan to foster and assist the Ethiopian revolt was called Mission 101.
Overall, Sandford's tour was relatively successful, and so upon his return to Cairo Sandford selected the team he would use to implement Mission 101 and drew up two plans of action: Scheme A, which dealt with military preparations and the British role, and Scheme B, which focused on the propaganda methods to be used. As soon as Italy declared war on 10 June, Sandford and his team swung into action implementing his plan. Sandford oversaw Mission 101 until the arrival of Orde Wingate.[4]
Later in war and in immediate post-war years, Sandford served again as advisor to Emperor Selassie, both in military and political roles.
Post-war years
The wife of Daniel Sandford, Christine Sandford, set up the Sandford school in Addis Ababa. The school still exists and is considered to be one of the best International Schools in Ethiopia.
Daniel Sandford received a plot of land from Haile Selassie nearby the town Derba, 60 km north of Addis Ababa. Sandford build a farm where he planted, among others, coffee and prune trees. Stables were built for cattle. When Emperor Selassie was overthrown by the Derg regime, Sandford was forced to leave Ethiopia. His farm was nationalized and more stables were built to increase the number of cattle. Within a few years, the farm was not operational anymore.
In present days, the plot of land is leased by a Dutch horticulture farm. The summer house from Sandford is being renovated to its original state. Some parts of the construction had to be replaced but effort is made to keep the original material in place. The walls still contains the original cedar wood.
[Recent picture of renovated house in Derba to be added]
Notes
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27456. p. 4671. 22 July 1902.
- ↑ Medal Index Card, & War Diary of 94th (S) Battery, RGA, (file WO/95/470), The National Archives (TNA), Kew
- ↑ Lowe.
- ↑ Sheriff (2009), Chapter 2.
References
- Casbon, Eleanor (1993). The Incurable Optimists: Chris and Dan Sandford of Ethiopia. Cornwall: United Writers. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-85200-050-9.
- Shireff, David (2009) [1995]. Bare Feet and Bandoliers: Wingate, Sandford, the Patriots and the Liberation of Ethiopia. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-84884-029-4.
- Profile
- Maj Charles E. Berkeley Lowe, Siege Battery 94 During the World War 1914–1918, London: T. Werner Laurie, 1919/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN 1-845740-88-2.