Dendrophryniscus
| Dendrophryniscus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 |
| Type species | |
| Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 | |
| Species | |
|
10, see text | |
Dendrophryniscus is a genus of true toads in the family Bufonidae.[1][2] They are endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.[1]
Taxonomy
Amazophrynella was separated from Dendrophryniscus in 2012 based on molecular genetic evidence that indicated deep divergence between an Amazonian and an Atlantic Forest clade, the latter retaining the name Dendrophryniscus whereas the former was described as a new genus Amazonella,[3] later amended to Amazophrynella because of homonymy.
Description
Dendrophryniscus are small to medium-sized toads measuring 15–47 mm (0.59–1.85 in) in snout–vent length. Their body form resembles that of Atelopus. The hind limbs are well developed. The parotoid glands are absent, as are external tympana. The skin is uniformly granulose to warty. Dorsal coloration is cryptic.[3]
With the exception of Dendrophryniscus leucomystax, Dendrophryniscus breed in phytotelmata. In contrast, Amazophrynella are pond breeders, which is presumably an ancestral trait in bufonids.[3]
Species
There are ten recognized species:[1][2]
- Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae Izecksohn, 1994
- Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
- Dendrophryniscus carvalhoi Izecksohn, 1994
- Dendrophryniscus krausae Cruz and Fusinatto, 2008
- Dendrophryniscus leucomystax Izecksohn, 1968
- Dendrophryniscus oreites Recoder, Teixeira, Cassimiro, Camacho, and Rodrigues, 2010
- Dendrophryniscus organensis Carvalho-e-Silva, Mongin, Izecksohn, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2010
- Dendrophryniscus proboscideus (Boulenger, 1882)
- Dendrophryniscus skuki Caramaschi, 2012
- Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi Izecksohn, 1994
References
- 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
- 1 2 "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
- 1 2 3 Fouquet, Antoine; Recoder, Renato; Teixeira, Mauro; Cassimiro, José; Amaro, Renata Cecília; Camacho, Agustín; Damasceno, Roberta; Carnaval, Ana Carolina; Moritz, Craig; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and morphometric analyses reveal deep divergence between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest species of Dendrophryniscus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (3): 826–838. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.023.