Duke Huan of Qin

Duke Huan of Qin 秦桓公
Ruler of Qin
Reign	603–577 BC
Predecessor	Duke Gong of Qin
Successor	Duke Jing of Qin
Died	577 BC
House	House of Ying
Father	Duke Gong of Qin

Duke Huan of Qin (Chinese: 秦桓公; pinyin: Qín Huán Gōng, died 577 BC) was from 603 to 577 BC the seventeenth ruler of the Zhou Dynasty state of Qin that eventually united China to become the Qin Dynasty. His ancestral name was Ying (嬴), and Duke Huan was his posthumous title. Duke Huan succeeded his father Duke Gong of Qin, who died in 604 BC, as ruler of Qin.^[1][2]

In 578 BC, Qin suffered a major defeat at the hand of the State of Jin. Duke Li of Jin accused Qin of treachery and personally led an alliance of eight states (Jin, Qi, Song, Wey, Zheng, Cao, Zhu, and Teng) to attack Qin. The two sides fought at Masui (in present-day Jingyang County, Shaanxi). Qin was resoundingly defeated and two of its generals were captured, although Duke Xuan of Cao, ruler of Jin's ally Cao, was also killed in the battle.^[3]

The next year, Duke Huan died after 27 years of reign. He was succeeded by his son, Duke Jing of Qin.^[1][2]

References

1. Sima Qian. 秦本纪 [Annals of Qin]. Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). guoxue.com. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
2. Han, Zhaoqi (2010). "Annals of Qin". Annotated Shiji (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 400–403. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.
3. Zuo Qiuming (translated by James Legge). "Book VIII. Duke Cheng". Zuo Zhuan (in Chinese and English). University of Virginia. Retrieved 23 April 2012. Chapter XIII.